<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-10759-IOP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Involvement of PAR2 in inflammatory mediator release from human blood eosinophils</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Участие PAR2 в выходе медиаторов воспаления из эозинофилов крови человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Xinyu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ху</surname><given-names>Цинью</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TW">Taiwan, Province of China</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BSc, Director of Clinical Lab Center, Permanent, Danyang Second People Hospital, Danyang, Jiangsu, China</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр наук, директор Клинического лабораторного центра, постоянный сотрудник Второго Народного Госпиталя, Даньянг, Цзянсу, Китай</p></bio><email>wzy0222@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Haoyang</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванг</surname><given-names>Хаоян</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="CA">Canada</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Director of Centre de Recherche du CHUL (CHUQ), Permanent, Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Canada</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., директор Исследовательского центра CHUL (CHUQ), постоянный сотрудник кафедры педиатрии, Университет Лаваль, Квебек, Канада</p></bio><email>why1027cn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Danyang Second People Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Второй Народный Госпиталь</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Pediatrics, Laval University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент педиатрии, Университет Лаваль</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Hu X., Wang H.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ху Ц., Ванг Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hu X., Wang H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ху Ц., Ванг Х.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/10759">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/10759</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Proteinase Activated Receptors (PARs) are the members of G-protein-coupled receptor family and can be cleaved by certain serine proteases to expose a tethered ligand domain, which binds and activates the receptors to initiate multiple signaling cascades. There is some evidence that certain proteases may regulate target cells by activating PARs. There are many studies, in which PARs play important roles in inflammation. One study indicated that PAR2 inhibition and deletion significantly suppressed the degree of inflammation due to decreased IL-6 and IL-1β levels. Another study also showed that PAR’s activation could mediate reactive oxygen species production and MAPK signaling leading to alveolar inflammation. In addition, platelet-derived CAPN1 can trigger the vascular inflammation associated with diabetes via cleavage of PAR1 and the release of TNFα from the endothelial cell surface, and sarsasapogenin may alleviate diabetic nephropathy by the downregulation of PAR1. Another <italic>Phellodendron amurense</italic> bark extract can suppress the particulate matter-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx caused by direct action upon PAR2, alleviating inflammation and maintaining homeostatic levels of cell adhesion components. There are also other two antagonists of I-287 and GB88, which can reduce the PAR2-mediated inflammatory reaction. In this study, we tested expression of PARs and IL-5, IL-6, RANTES and ECP release from human blood eosinophils using different enzymes and PAR agonists. The expression of PARs was assessed in human blood eosinophils by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, and the levels of cytokine and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the cultured supernatants were determined with ELISA kits. Flow cytometry shows that human eosinophils express PAR2 protein and do not express PAR1, PAR3 and PAR4 proteins. RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of PAR2 and PAR3 genes in human eosinophils. Tryptase, trypsin and elastase can induce significant IL-5, IL-6 and ECP release. Trypsin and elastase may also stimulate RANTES secretion, but tryptase cannot induce the RANTES secretion. Tryptase, trypsin and elastase-induced cytokine and ECP release from human blood eosinophils most likely occurs via activation of PAR2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Активируемые протеиназами рецепторы (PAR) относятся к семейству рецепторов, связанных с G-белками, и могут расщепляться некоторыми сериновыми протеазами с экспозицией фиксированного домена-лиганда, который связывает и активирует рецепторы, инициируя множественные сигнальные каскады. Имеются доказательства того, что некоторые протеазы могут регулировать клетки-мишени, активируя PAR, и есть много исследований, в которых показана важная роль PAR при воспалении. В одной из работ обнаружено, что ингибирование и делеция PAR2 значительно подавляют степень воспаления из-за снижения уровней IL-6 и IL-1β. Другое исследование также показало, что активация PAR может способствовать продукции активных форм кислорода и передаче сигналов MAPK, что приводит к альвеолярному воспалению. Кроме того, CAPN1 тромбоцитарного происхождения может инициировать воспаление сосудов, связанное с диабетом, посредством расщепления PAR1 и высвобождения TNFα с поверхности эндотелиальных клеток, а сарсасапогенин может ослаблять диабетическую нефропатию путем подавления PAR1. Показано, что экстракт коры <italic>Phellodendron amurense</italic> может подавлять индуцированный твердыми частицами приток Ca<sup>2+</sup>, что вызвано прямым воздействием на PAR2, ослабляет воспаление и поддерживает гомеостатические уровни факторов клеточной адгезии. Существуют также два других антагониста I-287 и GB88, которые могут уменьшать воспалительную реакцию, опосредованную PAR2. В настоящем исследовании мы оценивали экспрессию PAR и высвобождение IL-5, IL-6, RANTES и ECP из эозинофилов крови человека с использованием различных ферментов и агонистов PAR. Экспрессию PARs оценивали в эозинофилах крови человека с помощью проточной цитометрии и ОТ-ПЦР, а уровни цитокинов и эозинофильного катионного белка (ECP) в культивируемых супернатантах определяли с помощью наборов ELISA. Результаты проточной цитометрии показыва.т, что эозинофилы человека экспрессируют белок PAR2 и не экспрессируют белки PAR1, PAR3 и PAR4. Анализ с помощью ОТ-ПЦР выявил экспрессию генов PAR2 и PAR3 в эозинофилах человека. Триптаза, трипсин и эластаза могут индуцировать высвобождение IL-5, IL-6 и ЕСР в значительных количествах. Трипсин и эластаза также могут стимулировать секрецию RANTES, но триптаза неспособна индуцировать секрецию RANTES. Индуцированное триптазой, трипсином и эластазой высвобождение цитокинов и ЕСР из эозинофилов крови человека, скорее всего, происходит посредством активации PAR2.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PAR2</kwd><kwd>eosinophils</kwd><kwd>inflammatory mediator</kwd><kwd>trypsin</kwd><kwd>tryptase</kwd><kwd>elastase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PAR2</kwd><kwd>эозинофилы</kwd><kwd>медиатор воспаления</kwd><kwd>трипсин</kwd><kwd>триптаза</kwd><kwd>эластаза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Avet C., Sturino C., Grastilleur S., Gouill C.L., Semache M., Gross F., Gendron L., Bennani Y., Mancini J.A., Sayegh C.E., Bouvier M. The PAR2 inhibitor I-287 selectively targets Gαq and Gα12/13 signaling and has anti-inflammatory effects. Commun. Biol., 2020, Vol. 3, no. 1, 719. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01453-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bagher M., Larsson-Callerfelt A.K., Rosmark O., Hallgren O., Bjermer L., Westergren-Thorsson G. Mast cells and mast cell tryptase enhance migration of human lung fibroblasts through protease-activated receptor 2. Cell Commun. Signal., 2018, Vol. 16, no. 1, 59. doi: 10.1186/s12964-018-0269-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bang E., Kim D.H., Chung H.Y. Protease-activated receptor 2 induces ROS-mediated inflammation through Akt-mediated NF-B and FoxO6 modulation during skin photoaging. Redox Biol., 2021, Vol. 44, 102022. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Belibasakis G.N., Bostanci N., Reddi D. Regulation of protease-activated receptor-2 expression in gingival fibroblasts and Jurkat T cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cell Biol. Int., 2010, Vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 287-292.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bolton S.J., McNulty C.A., Thomas R.J., Hewitt C.R., Wardlaw A.J. Expression of andfunctional responses to protease-activated receptors on human eosinophils. J. Leukoc. Biol.,2003, Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 60-68.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Brass L.F., Molino M. Protease-activated G protein-coupled receptors on human platelets and endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemost., 1997, Vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 234-241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Chhabra J., Li Y.Z., Alkhouri H., Blake A.E., Ge Q., Armour C.L., Hughes J.M. Histamine and tryptase modulate asthmatic smooth muscle GM-CSF and RANTES release. Eur. Respir. J., 2007, Vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 861-870.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Choi J., Moon M.Y., Han G.Y., Chang M.S., Yang D., Cha J. Phellodendronamurense extract protects human keratinocytes from PM2.5-induced inflammation via PAR-2 Signaling. Biomolecules, 2020, Vol. 11, no. 1, 23. doi: 10.3390/biom11010023.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>de Almeida A.D., Silva I.S., Fernandes-Braga W., imaFilho A.C.M., Florentino R.O.M., Barra A., de Oliveira Andrade L., Leite M.F., Cassali G.D., Klein A. A role for mast cells and mast cell tryptase in driving neutrophil recruitment in LPS-induced lung inflammation via protease-activated receptor 2 in mice. Inflamm. Res., 2020, Vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 1059-1070.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Dinh Q.T., Cryer A., Trevisani M., Dinh S., Wu S., Cifuentes L.B., Feleszko W.K., Williams A., Geppetti P., Fan Chung K., Heppt W., Klapp B.F., Fischer A. Gene and protein expression of protease-activated receptor 2 in structural and inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2006, Vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1039-1048.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Hansel T.T., de Vries I.J., Iff T., Rihs S., Wandzilak M., Betz S., Blaser K., Walker C. An improved immunomagnetic procedure for the isolation of highly purified human blood eosinophils. J. Immunol. Methods, 1991, Vol. 145, no. 1-2, pp. 105-110.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>He S., Zhang Z., Zhang H., Wei J., Yang L., Yang H., Sun W., Zeng X., Yang P. Analysis ofproperties and proinflammatory functions of cockroach allergens Per a 1.01s. Scand. J. Immunol., 2011, Vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 288-295.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Hurley A., Smith M., Karpova T., Hasley R.B., Belkina N., Shaw S., Balenga N., Druey K.M., Nickel E., Packard B., Imamichi H., Hu Z., Follmann D., McNally J., Higgins J., Sneller M., Lane H.C., Catalfamo M. Enhanced effector function of CD8(+) T cells fromhealthy controls and HIV-infected patients occurs through thrombin activation of protease-activated receptor 1. J. Infect. Dis., 2013, Vol. 207, no. 4, pp. 638-650.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ishihara H., Connolly A.J., Zeng D., Kahn M.L., Zheng Y.W., Timmons C., Tram T., Coughlin S.R. Protease-activated receptor 3 is a second thrombin receptor in humans. Nature.,1997, Vol. 386, no. 6624, pp. 502-506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kahn M.L., Zheng Y.W., Huang W., Bigornia V., Zeng D., Moff S., Farese R.V., Jr, Tam C,, Coughlin S.R. A dual thrombin receptor system for platelet activation. Nature, 1998, Vol. 394, no. 6694, pp. 690-694.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kalashnyk O., Petrova Y., Lykhmus O., Mikhalovska L., Mikhalovsky S., Zhukova A.,Gnatenko D., Bahou W., Komisarenko S., Skok M. Expression, function and cooperatingpartners of protease-activated receptor type 3 in vascular endothelial cells and B lymphocytes studied with specific monoclonal antibody. Mol. Immunol., 2013, Vol. 54, no. 3-4, pp. 319-326.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kim J.Y., Sohn J.H., Choi J.M., Lee J.H., Hong C.S., Lee J.S., Park J.W. Alveolar macrophages play a key role in cockroach-induced allergic inflammation via TNF- pathway. PLoS One, 2012, Vol. 7, no. 10, e47971. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047971.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kim K.K., Turner R., Khazan N., Kodza A., Jones A., Singh R.K., Moore R.G. Role of trypsin and protease-activated receptor-2 in ovarian cancer. PLoS One, 2020, Vol. 15, no. 5, pp. e0232253. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kim Y.H., Kang M.K., Lee E.J., Kim D.Y., Oh H., Kim S.I., Oh S.Y., Na W., Shim J.H., Kang I.J., Kang Y.H. Astragalin Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Thrombosis and Alveolar Inflammation and Disrupts PAR Activation and Oxidative Stress-Responsive MAPK-Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, Vol. 22, no. 7, 3692. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073692.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Koga H., Miyahara N., Fuchimoto Y., Ikeda G., Waseda K., Ono K., Tanimoto Y., Kataoka M., Gelfand E.W., Tanimoto M., Kanehiro A. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of secondary allergen challenge: neutrophil elastase inhibition attenuates allergic airway responses. Respir. Res. 2013, Vol. 14, no. 1, 8. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kyselova A., Elgheznawy A., Wittig I., Heidler J., Mann A.W., Ruf W., Fleming I., Randriamboavonjy V. Platelet-derived calpain cleaves the endothelial protease-activated receptor 1 to induce vascular inflammation in diabetes. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2020, Vol. 115, no. 6, 75. doi: 10.1007/s00395-020-00833-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Luo J., Wu X., Liu H., Cui W., Guo W., Guo K., Guo H., Tao K., Li F., Shi Y., Feng D., Yan H., Gao G., Qu Y. Antagonism of Protease-Activated Receptor 4 Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing Neuroinflammation via Inhibition of Tab2/NF-B Signaling. Neurosci. Bull., 2021, Vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 242-254.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Matos N.A., Silva J.F., Matsui T.C., Damasceno K.A., Duarte I.D., Lemos V.S., Cassali G.D., Klein A. Mast cell tryptase induces eosinophil recruitment in the pleural cavity of mice via proteinase-activated receptor 2. Inflammation., 2013, Vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1260-1267.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Miike S., McWilliam A.S., Kita H. Trypsin induces activation and inflammatory mediator release from human eosinophils through protease-activated receptor-2. J. Immunol.,2001, Vol. 167, no. 11, pp. 6615-6622.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Nystedt S., Emilsson K., Wahlestedt C., Sundelin J. Molecular cloning of a potential Proteinase activated receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA., 1994, Vol. 91, no. 20, pp. 9208-9212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Qiao L., Zhang H., Wu S., He S. Downregulation of protease activated receptor expression and cytokine production in P815 cells by RNA interference. BMC Cell Biol., 2009, Vol. 10, 62. doi: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Rasmussen U.B., Vouret-Craviari V., Jallat S., Schlesinger Y., Pagès G., Pavirani A., LecocqJ.P., Pouysségur J., van Obberghen-Schilling E. cDNA cloning and expression of a hamster alpha-thrombin receptor coupled to Ca2+ mobilization. FEBS Lett., 1991, Vol. 288, no. 1-2, pp. 123-128.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Roche N., Stirling R.G., Lim S., Oliver B.G., Oates T., Jazrawi E., Caramori G., Chung K.F. Effect of acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli on expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 in alveolar macrophages. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2003, Vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 367-373.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Tang Z.Z., Zhang Y.M., Zheng T., Huang T.T., Ma T.F., Liu Y.W. Sarsasapogenin alleviatesdiabetic nephropathy through suppression of chronic inflammation by down-regulating PAR-1: In vivo and in vitro study. Phytomedicine, 2020, Vol. 78, 153314. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Vliagoftis H., Lacy P., Luy B., Adamko D., Hollenberg M., Befus D., Moqbel R. Mast cell tryptase activates peripheral blood eosinophils to release granule-associated enzymes. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 2004, Vol. 135, no. 3, pp. 196-204.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Vu T.K., Hung D.T., Wheaton V.I., Coughlin SR. Molecular cloning of a functional thrombin receptor reveals a novel proteolytic mechanism of receptor activation. Cell, 1991, Vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 1057-1068.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Wang H., He S. Induction of lactoferrin and IL-8 release from human neutrophils by tryptic enzymes via proteinase activated receptor-2. Cell Biol. Int., 2006, Vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 688-697.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Y.J., Yu S.J., Tsai J.J., Yu C.H., Liao E.C. Antagonism of Protease Activated Receptor-2 by GB88 Reduces Inflammation Triggered by Protease Allergen Tyr-p3. Front. Immunol., 2021, Vol. 12, 557433. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.557433.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Wardlaw A.J., Brightling C., Green R., Woltmann G., Pavord I. Eosinophils in asthma and other allergic diseases. Br. Med. Bull., 2000, Vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 985-1003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Xu W.F., Andersen H., Whitmore T.E., Presnell S.R., Yee D.P., Ching A., Gilbert T., Davie E.W., Foster D.C. Cloning and characterization of human protease-activated receptor 4. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA., 1998, Vol. 95, no. 12, pp. 6642-6646.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang H., Yang X., Yang H., Zhang Z., Lin Q., Zheng Y., Chen S., Yang P., He S. Modulation of mast cell proteinase-activated receptor expression and IL-4 release by IL-12. Immunol. Cell Biol., 2007, Vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 558-566.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu J., Miao X.R., Tao K.M., Zhu H., Liu Z.Y., Yu D.W., Chen Q.B., Qiu H.B., Lu Z.J. Trypsin-protease activated receptor-2 signaling contributes to pancreatic cancer pain. Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, no. 37, pp. 61810-61823.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
