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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16712</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-16712-EOH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of highly-active antiretroviral therapy on neuroendocrine regulation of immunogenesis in HIV-infected children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние высокоактивной антиретровирусной терапии на нейроэндокринную регуляцию иммуногенеза у ВИЧ-инфицированных детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhmetyev</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахметьев</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Leading Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>bachmetyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочаров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Physics and Mathematics), Leading Researcher, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный исследователь, профессор</p></bio><email>bachmetyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>S. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>С. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Head of Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующий лабораторией</p></bio><email>bachmetyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Bioology), Biologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., биолог</p></bio><email>bachmetyev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Ecology and Genetic of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиал ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">G. Marchuk Institute of Calculation Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт вычислительной математики имени Г.И. Марчука» Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Territory Centre for Prevention and Treating of AIDS and Infection Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Пермский краевой Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>723</fpage><lpage>738</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Bakhmetyev B.A., Bocharov G.A., Zverev S.Y., Kalashnikova N.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Бахметьев Б.А., Бочаров Г.А., Зверев С.Я., Калашникова Н.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakhmetyev B.A., Bocharov G.A., Zverev S.Y., Kalashnikova N.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бахметьев Б.А., Бочаров Г.А., Зверев С.Я., Калашникова Н.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16712">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16712</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Comparative assay has been made against the parameters of the immune and endocrine systems in 84 HIV-infected children born from HIV-infected mothers. One group of analyzed children (36 patients) did not receive highly-active antiretroviral therapy. Another group (48 patients) received different variants of highly-active antiretroviral therapy. Children aged from 1 to 182 months were examined. Venous blood samples taken from young patients were used to determine leukocyte blood composition considering the relative (%) and absolute number of blood cell counts. Hormone concentration was determined concurrently. CD-molecule expression by mononuclear cells was registered using flow cytofluorimeter. Plasma viral load in HIV-infected children was quantitatively detected with RT-PCR. Statistically significant lowering in the levels of free thyroxin, cortisol and progesterone was observed in children against a background of highly-active antiretroviral therapy as compared to those without HAART use. Correlation assay between the hormone level and the immunological parameters in children not receiving the antiretroviral preparations revealed marked positive correlations among the somatotropic hormone level and CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> absolute numbers. Similar positive correlation with absolute T-subset number was found against free T4. The progesterone level also positively correlated with relative CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> numbers and showed negative correlation with absolute CD4<sup>+</sup> amount. There is another positive correlation with relative T-subset number against the dehydroepiandrosterone level in the group of children without antiretroviral preparation therapy. As for HIV-infected group of children, against a background of highly-active antiretroviral therapy, the results of correlation assay between the hormone concentrations and cell parameters were found to significantly vary. There were observed positive correlations between the levels of cortisol and CD3<sup>+</sup> (%), cortisol and CD8<sup>+</sup> (%), estradiol and CD4/CD8, progesterone and absolute CD8<sup>+</sup> number. As with children not receiving the antiretroviral preparations marked positive relation was revealed between the concentration of free thyroxin and absolute values of CD4<sup>+</sup>. Negative correlations were recorded between the estradiol level and the relative CD3<sup>+</sup> numbers. Against a background of applying the antiretroviral preparations the correlation assay conducted between the viral RNA concentration (lg of copy number of mRNA/ml) and analyzed endocrinological parameters was found to have marked positive correlation with HIV concentration demonstrated by estradiol and testosterone. During the antiretroviral therapy, however, the negative correlation between the thyrotropin level and lg concentration of viral RNA was observed. Analytical results of correlation among the viral RNA concentration (lg copy number of mRNA/ml) and analyzed immunological parameters in this group of children evidence for specific ‘normalization’ due to highly-active antiretroviral therapy as the only positive correlation with virus concentration was detected for CD4<sup>+</sup>T subsets.</p> <p>Therefore, the alteration in endocrine system state in children born from HIV-infected mothers could be of great significance while monitoring the systemic regulation of the immunogenesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проведен анализ параметров иммунной и эндокринной систем у 84 ВИЧ-инфицированных детей в возрасте от 1 до 182 месяцев. Часть обследованных детей (36 пациентов) не получали высокоактивную антиретровирусную терапию. Остальные (48 пациентов) получали разные варианты антиретровирусной терапии. В образцах венозной крови детей, определяли лейкоцитарный состав. Одновременно определяли концентрацию гормонов. Регистрация экспрессии CD-молекул на лимфоцитах проводилась на проточном цитофлюориметре. Вирусную нагрузку в плазме крови ВИЧ-инфицированных детей количественно определяли методом ПЦР «в реальном времени». Снижение уровней свободного тироксина, кортизола и прогестерона наблюдалось у детей на фоне приема препаратов антиретровирусной терапии, по сравнению с их сверстниками, не принимавших эти препараты. Выявлены позитивные корреляции между уровнем соматотропного гормона и численностью CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD4<sup>+</sup> и CD8<sup>+</sup>. Аналогичная позитивная корреляция с числом Т-лимфоцитов установлена для свободного тироксина. Уровень прогестерона также позитивно коррелирует со значениями CD3<sup>+</sup> и CD8<sup>+</sup>, но демонстрирует отрицательную корреляцию с числом CD4<sup>+</sup>. Еще одна позитивная корреляционная связь с числом Т-лимфоцитов в группе детей, не принимавших антиретровирусные препараты – выявлена с уровнем дегироэпиандостерона. У детей на фоне антиретровирусной терапии появляются позитивные корреляционные связи между уровнем кортизола и CD3<sup>+</sup>, кортизолом и CD8<sup>+</sup>, эстрадиолом и CD4/CD8, прогестероном и числом CD8<sup>+</sup>. Как и у детей, не принимавших антиретровирусные препараты, значимая позитивная связь выявлена между концентрацией свободного тироксина и значениями CD4<sup>+</sup>. Негативные корреляционные связи регистрируются между уровнем эстрадиола и процентом CD3<sup>+</sup>.</p> <p>На фоне приема антиретровирусных препаратов корреляционный анализ между концентрацией вирусной РНК и исследованными гормонами значимые позитивные корреляции демонстрируют эстрадиол и тестостерон.</p> <p>Однако на фоне приема антиретровирусных препаратов наблюдается негативная корреляция между уровнем тиреотропного гормона и концентрации вирусной РНК. Результаты корреляционного анализа между концентрацией вирусной РНК и исследованными иммунологическими параметрами в этой группе детей свидетельствует о своеобразной «нормализации» под действием антиретровирусной терапии, так как единственная позитивная корреляция с концентрацией вируса установлена для CD4<sup>+</sup>. Таким образом, изменение состояния эндокринной системы у перинатально ВИЧ-инфицированных детей может иметь важное значение в мониторинге системной регуляции иммуногенеза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-infection</kwd><kwd>hormones</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd><kwd>leukocytes</kwd><kwd>CD phenotype</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>гормоны</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>лейкоциты</kwd><kwd>CD-фенотип</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124020500027-7</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Butler T.R., Smith K.J., Self R.L., Braden B.B., Prendergast M.A. Neurodegenerative effects of recombinant HIV-1 Tat(1-86) are associated with inhibition of microtubule formation and oxidative stress-related reductions in microtubule-associated protein-2(a,b). 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