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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16783</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-16783-EOK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression of key molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway in blood leukocytes of autistic children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия ключевых молекул классического пути активации воспаления в лейкоцитах крови детей с аутизмом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета </p></bio><email>96_anya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General biology, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент, профессор кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета </p></bio><email>96_anya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmistrova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмистрова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and General Biology, Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии, иммунологии и общей биологии биологического факультета</p></bio><email>96_anya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Челябинский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>825</fpage><lpage>830</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Alekseeva A.S., Filippova Y.Y., Burmistrova A.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Алексеева А.С., Филиппова Ю.Ю., Бурмистрова А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva A.S., Filippova Y.Y., Burmistrova A.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева А.С., Филиппова Ю.Ю., Бурмистрова А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16783">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/16783</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders, whose causes are currently not fully understood. Research suggests that inflammation and changes in immune functions may play an important role in the development of autism. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of autistic children lead to negative regulation of synaptic plasticity, as well as impaired proliferation and differentiation of neurons through activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The purpose of the work is to analyze the levels of mRNA: TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IκBα, NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65 in peripheral blood leukocytes of children in comparison with the severity of autism spectrum disorders. The study included 126 children aged from 3 to 13 years (the ratio of boys to girls was 4:1): 45 children with typical neurodevelopment, and 81 children with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of autism. According to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, 51 children had mild to moderate ASD (CARS score: 29-36), and 30 children had severe autism (CARS score: 36-60). The expression of inflammatory signal transduction pathway molecules was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes using real-time polymerase chain reaction with SYBRGreen. To compare the samples, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used. It was found that in leukocytes of children with severe ASD, the expression of the adapter protein MyD88 and the p65 subunit of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB was significantly reduced, and the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor, IκBα, was significantly increased, compared to the control group. In leukocytes of children with mild ASD, a decrease in NF-κB p65 expression was found at a trend level. When comparing groups of children with different severity of autism symptoms (mild/severe), no significant differences were found in the levels of mRNA of key signaling molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway in blood leukocytes. Thus, in the blood leukocytes of children with severe ASD, suppression of the expression of key molecules of the classical inflammation activation pathway (NF-κB) is observed, which leads to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-2, against the background of increased expression of key cytokine of Th1 cells – IFNγ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) – это сложные нарушения развития нервной системы, причины которых пока до конца не изучены. Исследования показывают, что воспалительные процессы и изменение иммунных функций могут играть важную роль в развитии аутизма. Повышение уровней провоспалительных цитокинов в мозге детей с РАС приводит к негативной регуляции синаптической пластичности, а также к нарушению пролиферации и дифференцировки нейронов через активациию сигнального пути ядерного фактора-каппа-B (NF-κB). Цель работы – анализ уровней мРНК: TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IκBα NF-κBp50, NF-κBp65 в лейкоцитах периферической крови детей в сопоставлении со степенью тяжести расстройств аутистического спектра. Обследовано 126 детей в возрасте от 3 до 13 лет, соотношение по полу мальчики : девочки – 4:1, среди которых 45 детей имели типичное нейроразвитие, 81 ребенок – клинически подтвержденный диагноз РАС. По шкале оценки детского аутизма 51 ребенок демонстрировал легкую или умеренную степень тяжести РАС (CARS 29-36 баллов) и 30 детей имели тяжелую степень аутизма (CARS 36-60 баллов). Экспрессию молекул путей передачи воспалительного сигнала определяли в лейкоцитах периферической крови с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени с SYBRGreen. Для сравнения выборок применяли однофакторный дисперсионный анализ с попарными сравнениями по Фриману–Тьюки. Установлено, что в лейкоцитах детей с тяжелым течением РАС значимо снижена экспрессия MyD88 и субъединицы p65 ядерного фактора транскрипции NF-κB, и значимо повышена экспрессия ингибитора NF-κB – IκBα, по сравнению с контрольной группой. В лейкоцитах детей с легким течением РАС обнаружено снижение экспрессии NF-κB p65 на уровне тенденции. При сравнении групп детей с разной степенью тяжести симптомов аутизма (легкий/тяжелый) значимых различий в уровнях мРНК ключевых сигнальных молекул классического пути активации воспаления в лейкоцитах крови не выявлено. Таким образом, в лейкоцитах крови детей с тяжелым течением РАС наблюдается ингибирование экспрессии ключевых молекул классического пути активации воспаления (NF-κB), что приводит к снижению экспрессии провоспалительных цитокинов: IL-1β, IL-18 и IL-2, на фоне повышенной экспрессии ключевого цитокина Th1 – IFNγ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nuclear factor kappa B</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>leukocytes</kwd><kwd>expression</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ядерный фактор-каппа-B</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>лейкоциты</kwd><kwd>экспрессия</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бурмистрова А.Л., Алексеева А.С., Казо М.Е., Филиппова Ю.Ю. 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