<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17222</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-17222-AHS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neurological disorders: a systematic review &amp; meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and complications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток при неврологических заболеваниях: систематический обзор и метаанализ клинических исходов и осложнений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Awasthi</surname><given-names>Seema</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авасти</surname><given-names>Сима</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Department of Pathology, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры патологии, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><email>jainsanjeevkumar77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Vinod Kumar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сингх</surname><given-names>Винод Кумар</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Department of Medicine, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>jainsanjeevkumar77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jain</surname><given-names>Sanjeev Kumar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джайн</surname><given-names>Санджив Кумар</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Department of Anatomy, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры анатомии, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><email>jainsanjeevkumar77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharma</surname><given-names>Sonika</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарма</surname><given-names>Соника</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры анатомии, TMMC &amp; RC</p></bio><email>jainsanjeevkumar77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Teerthanker Mahaveer University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Тиртханкера Махавира</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>250</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-18"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Awasthi S., Singh V.K., Jain S.K., Sharma S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Авасти С., Сингх В.К., Джайн С.К., Шарма С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Awasthi S., Singh V.K., Jain S.K., Sharma S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авасти С., Сингх В.К., Джайн С.К., Шарма С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17222">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17222</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurological disorders, including MS and pediatric neurodegenerative diseases, pose a significant global health burden with limited therapeutic options (HSCT). Autologous HSCT has emerged as a promising intervention to halt disease progression, reduce disability, and modulate immune responses in the central nervous system. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of autologous HSCT in patients with neurological disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies on autologous HSCT in neurological disorders. Included studies reported clinical outcomes (e.g., Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] changes, progression-free survival [PFS]) and complications). Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) for EDSS changes, pooled proportions for PFS and relapse-free survival, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) rates. Heterogeneity was assessed with I<sup>2</sup> statistics, and predictors of outcomes were explored via meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Fifteen studies (n = 1,378 patients) were included, predominantly focusing on MS (relapsing-remitting, progressive, and aggressive subtypes). Autologous HSCT significantly reduced disability, with a pooled SMD in EDSS of -1.02 (95% CI: -1.42, -0.62; p &lt; 0.01; I<sup>2</sup> = 88.9%). PFS was 73% (95% CI: 0.61-0.84; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), and relapse-free survival in relapsing-remitting MS was 82% (95% CI: 0.70-0.92; I<sup>2</sup> = 5%). TRM was low at 2% (95% CI: 0.00-0.04; I<sup>2</sup> = 38.9%), with common adverse events including febrile neutropenia and infections. Younger age, shorter disease duration, and relapsing-remitting MS subtype predicted better outcomes (p &lt; 0.05). Conditioning regimen influenced safety, with BEAM-based protocols showing lower TRM (p = 0.0049). Autologous HSCT demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing disability and preventing disease progression in neurological disorders, particularly MS, with a favorable safety profile. However, high heterogeneity and limited controlled trials highlight the need for larger, randomized studies to confirm comparative efficacy against standard therapies and optimize patient selection and treatment protocols.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неврологические расстройства, в том числе рассеянный склероз, представляют собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения при ограниченных возможностях терапии. Аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) стала перспективным методом лечения, позволяющим остановить прогрессирование заболевания, уменьшить инвалидность и модулировать иммунные реакции в центральной нервной системе. В данном систематическом обзоре с метаанализом оцениваются клинические результаты и безопасность ауто-ТГСК у пациентов с неврологическими расстройствами. В соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA, мы провели поиск исследований по аутологичной ТГСК при неврологических расстройствах в базах данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library и Web of Science. Включенные в анализ исследования касались клинических результатов, например, изменений по расширенной шкале оценки инвалидности (EDSS), выживаемости без прогрессирования и осложнений. Данные были обобщены с использованием метаанализа со случайными эффектами для расчета стандартизированных средних различий по динамике EDSS, объединенных показателей выживаемости без рецидивов, а также показателей смертности, связанной с лечением (ТАС). Гетерогенность оценивалась с помощью статистики I<sup>2</sup>, а предикторы исходов изучались с помощью метарегрессионного анализа и анализа подгрупп. В исследование было включено пятнадцать работ (n = 1378 пациентов), преимущественно посвященных рассеянному склерозу (ремиттирующий-рецидивирующий, прогрессирующий и агрессивный подтипы). Аутологичная ТГСК значительно снизила инвалидность; при этом объединенная стандартизированная разница средних значений по шкале EDSS составила -1,02 (95% ДИ: -1,42, -0,62; p &lt; 0,01; I<sup>2</sup> = 88,9%). Выживаемость без прогрессирования составила 73% (95% ДИ: 0,61-0,84; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), а выживаемость без рецидивов при ремиттирующей-рецидивирующей форме рассеянного склероза составила 82% (95% ДИ: 0,70-0,92; I<sup>2</sup> = 5%). Показатель смертности, связанной с трансплантацией (ТАС), был низким и составил 2% (95% ДИ: 0,00-0,04; I<sup>2</sup> = 38,9%), при этом к распространенным нежелательным явлениям относились фебрильная нейтропения и инфекции. Более молодой возраст, меньшая продолжительность заболевания и ремиттирующий-рецидивирующий подтип рассеянного склероза прогнозировали лучшие результаты (p &lt; 0,05). Режим кондиционирования влиял на безопасность: протоколы на основе BEAM показали более низкий показатель ТАС (p = 0,0049). Аутологичная ТГСК показывает значительный эффект по снижению инвалидности и предотвращению прогрессирования неврологичесих заболеваний, в особенности рассеянного склероза, при хорошем профиле безопасности терапии. Однако выраженная гетерогенность исходов и ограниченное число клинических испытаний требуют больших рандомизированных исследований для подтверждения сравнительной эффективности по сравнению со стандартными методами терапии, оптимизации отбора пациентов и протоколов лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>disease-free survival</kwd><kwd>Graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>transplant-related mortality</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>беспрогрессивная выживаемость</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>трансплант-ассоциированная смертность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Atkins H.L., Bowman M., Allan D., Anstee G., Arnold D.L., Bar-Or A., Bence-Bruckler I., Birch P., Bredeson C., Chen J., Fergusson D., Halpenny M., Hamelin L., Huebsch L., Hutton B., Laneuville P., Lapierre Y., Lee H., Martin L., McDiarmid S., O’Connor P., Ramsay T., Sabloff M., Walker L., Freedman M.S. Immunoablation and autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: a multicentre single-group phase 2 trial. Lancet, 2016, Vol. 388, pp. 576-585.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Awaya T., Kato T., Niwa A., Hiramatsu H., Umeda K., Watanabe K., Shibata M., Yamanaka Y., Maruya E., Saji H., Nakahata T., Adachi S. Successful cord blood transplantation using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen for advanced childhood-onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Pediatr. Transplant., 2011, Vol. 15, no. 6, pp. E116-E120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Azık F., Erdem A., Tavil B., Bayram C., Tunç B., Uçkan D. Neurological complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children, a single center experience. Pediatr. Transplant., 2014, Vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 405-411.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Bali P., Lahiri D., Banik A., Nehru B., Anand A. Potential for stem cells therapy in alzheimer’s disease: do neurotrophic factors play critical role? Curr. Alzheimer Res., 2017, Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 208-220.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Biffi A., Capotondo A., Fasano S., Carro U., Marchesini S., Azuma H., Malaguti M.C., Amadio S., Brambilla R., Grompe M., Bordignon C., Quattrini A., Naldini L. Gene therapy of metachromatic leukodystrophy reverses neurological damage and deficits in mice. J. Clin. Invest., 2006, Vol. 116, no. 11, pp. 3070-3082.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Brodszki N., Svensson M., Kuilenburg A., Meijer J., Zoetekouw L., Truedsson L., Toporski J. Novel genetic mutations in the first swedish patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and clinical outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with HLA-matched unrelated donor. JIMD Rep., 2015, Vol. 24, pp. 83-89.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Burman J., Iacobaeus E., Svenningsson A., Lycke J., Gunnarsson M., Nilsson P., Vrethem M., Fredrikson S., Martin C., Sandstedt A., Uggla B., Lenhoff S., Johansson J.-E., Isaksson C., Hägglund H., Carlson K., Fagius J. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive multiple sclerosis: the Swedish experience. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2014, Vol. 85, pp. 1116-1121.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Burt R.K., Balabanov R., Burman J., Sharrack B., Snowden J.A., Oliveira M.C., Fagius J., Rose J., Nelson F., Barreira A.A., Carlson K. Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2019, Vol. 321, no. 2, pp. 165-174.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Burt R.K., Cohen B.A., Russell E., Spero K., Joshi A., Oyama Y., Karpus W.J., Luo K., Jovanovic B., Traynor A., Karlin K., Stefoski D., Burns W.H. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for progressive multiple sclerosis: failure of a total body irradiation-based conditioning regimen to prevent disease progression in patients with high disability scores. Blood, 2003, Vol. 102, no. 7, pp. 2373-2378.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Burt R.K., Loh Y., Cohen B., Stefosky D., Balabanov R., Katsamakis G., Oyama Y., Russell E.J., Stern J., Muraro P., Rose J., Testori A., Bucha J., Jovanovic B., Milanetti F., Storek J., Voltarelli J.C., Burns W.H. Autologous non-myeloablative haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase I/II study. Lancet Neurol., 2009, Vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 244-253.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Cartier N., Hacein-Bey-Abina S., Bartholomae C., Veres G., Schmidt M., Kutschera I., Vidaud M., Abel U., Dal-Cortivo L., Caccavelli L., Mahlaoui N., Kiermer V., Mittelstaedt D., Bellesme C., Lahlou N., Lefrère F., Blanche S., Audit M., Payen E., Leboulch P., l’Homme B., Bougnères P., Von Kalle C., Fischer A., Cavazzana-Calvo M., Aubourg P. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy with a lentiviral vector in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Science, 2009, Vol. 326, no. 5954, pp. 818-823.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Chang K., Lee J., Suh Y. Therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells in neurological disorders. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2014, Vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 293-301.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Copelan E. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med., 2006, Vol. 354, no. 17, pp. 1813-1826.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ding C., Wu Y., Chen X., Chen Y., Wu Z., Lin Z., Kang D., Fang W., Chen F. Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of neurological disorders:The Global Burden of Disease study 1990–2019. Front. Public Health, 2022, Vol. 10, 952161. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952161.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Eichler F., Duncan C., Musolino P., Orchard P., Oliveira S., Thrasher A., Armant M., Dansereau C., Lund T.C., Miller W.P., Raymond G.V., Sankar R., Shah A.J., Sevin C., Gaspar H.B., Gissen P., Amartino H., Bratkovic D., Smith N.J.C., Paker A.M., Shamir E., O’Meara T., Davidson D., Aubourg P., Williams D.A. Hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. N. Engl. J. Med., 2017, Vol. 377, no. 17, pp. 1630-1638.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Feigin V., Nichols E., Alam S., Bannick M., Beghi E., Blake N. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet Neurol., 2019, Vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 459-480.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Gao F., Chiu S., Motan D., Zhang Z., Chen L., Ji H., Tse H.-F., Fu Q.-L., Lian Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects. Cell Death Dis., 2016, Vol. 7, no. 1, e2062. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2015.327</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gentner B., Visigalli I., Hiramatsu H., Lechman E., Ungari S., Giustacchini A., Schira G., Amendola M., Quattrini A., Martino S., Orlacchio A., Dick J.E., Biffi A., Naldini L. Identification of hematopoietic stem cell-specific miRNAs enables gene therapy of globoid cell leukodystrophy. Sci. Transl. Med., 2010, Vol. 2, no. 58, 58ra84. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001522.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Giussani G., Westenberg E., García-Azorín D., Bianchi E., Khan A.K.Y., Allegri R.F., Atalar A.Ç., Baykan B., Crivelli L., Fornari A., Frontera J.A., Guekht A., Helbok R., Hoo F.K., Kivipelto M., Leonardi M., Rocha A.S.L., Mangialasche F., Marcassoli A., Acarli A.N.Ö., Ozge A., Prasad K., Prasad M., Sviatskaia E., Thakur K., Vogrig A., Leone M., Winkler A.S. Prevalence and trajectories of post-COVID-19 neurological manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology, 2024, Vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 120-133.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gourie-Devi M., Gururaj G., Satishchandra P., Subbakrishna D. Prevalence of neurological disorders in Bangalore, India: a community-based study with a comparison between urban and rural areas. Neuroepidemiology, 2004, Vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 261-268.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Jeong S., Chu K., Jung K., Kim S., Kim M., Roh J. Human neural stem cell transplantation promotes functional recovery in rats with experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke, 2003, Vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 2258-2263.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Krasulová E., Trněný M., Kozák T., Vacková B., Pohlreich D., Kemlink D., Kobylka P., Kovárová I., Lhotáková P., Havrdová E. High-dose immunoablation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aggressive multiple sclerosis: a single centre 10-year experience. Mult. Scler., 2010, Vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 685-693.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Li Z., Dong X., Tian M., Liu C., Wang K., Li L., Li L., Liu Z., Liu J. Stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Stem Cell Res. Ther., 2020, Vol. 11, no. 1, 252. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01762-z.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Mancardi G.L., Sormani M.P., Gualandi F., Saiz A., Carreras E., Merelli E., Donelli A., Lugaresi A., Di Bartolomeo P., Rottoli M.R., Rambaldi A., Amato M.P., Massacesi L., Di Gioia M., Vuolo L., Currò D., Roccatagliata L., Filippi M., Aguglia U., Iacopino P., Farge D., Saccardi R. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis: a phase II trial. Neurology, 2015, Vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 981-988.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Misra S., Kolappa K., Prasad M., Radhakrishnan D., Thakur K., Solomon T., Michael B.D., Winkler A.S., Beghi E., Guekht A., Pardo C.A., Wood G.K., Chou S.H.-Y., Fink E.L., Schmutzhard E., Kheradmand A., Hoo F.K., Kumar A., Das A., Srivastava A.K., Agarwal A., Dua T., Prasad K. Frequency of Neurologic Manifestations in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology, 2021, Vol. 97, no. 23, pp. e2269-e2281.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Moore J.J., Massey J.C., Ford C.D., Khoo M.L., Zaunders J.J., Hendrawan K., Barnett Y., Barnett M.H., Kyle K.A., Zivadinov R., Ma K.C., Milliken S.T., Sutton I.J., Ma D.D.F. Prospective phase II clinical trial of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant for treatment refractory multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2019, Vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 514-521.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Muraro P.A., Pasquini M., Atkins H.L., Bowen J.D., Farge D., Fassas A., Freedman M.S., Georges G.E., Gualandi F., Hamerschlak N., Havrdova E., Kimiskidis V.K., Kozak T., Mancardi G.L., Massacesi L., Moraes D.A., Nash R.A., Pavletic S., Ouyang J., Rovira M., Saiz A., Simoes B., Trnený M., Zhu L., Badoglio M., Zhong X., Sormani M.P., Saccardi R. Long-term Outcomes After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol., 2017, Vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 459-469.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Nash R.A., Bowen J.D., McSweeney P.A., Pavletic S.Z., Maravilla K.R., Park M.S., Storek J., Sullivan K.M., Al-Omaishi J., Corboy J.R., DiPersio J., Georges G.E., Gooley T.A., Holmberg L.A., LeMaistre C.F., Ryan K., Openshaw H., Sunderhaus J., Storb R., Zunt J., Kraft G.H. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for severe multiple sclerosis. Blood, 2003, Vol. 102, no. 7, pp. 2364-2372.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Nash R.A., Hutton G.J., Racke M.K., Popat U., Devine S.M., Steinmiller K.C., Griffith L.M., Muraro P.A., Openshaw H., Sayre P.H., Stuve O., Arnold D.L., Wener M.H., Georges G.E., Wundes A., Kraft G.H., Bowen J.D. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous HCT for relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology, 2017, Vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 842-852. doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Ni X.S., Ouyang J., Zhu W.H., Wang C., Chen B. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for progressive multiple sclerosis: report of efficacy and safety at three years of follow-up in 21 patients. Clin. Transplant., 2006, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 485-489.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Porrata L., Gertz M., Inwards D., Litzow M., Lacy M., Tefferi A., Gastineau D.A., Dispenzieri A., Ansell S.M., Micallef I.N., Geyer S.M., Markovic S.N. Early lymphocyte recovery predicts superior survival after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood, 2001, Vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 579-585.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Premraj L., Kannapadi N., Briggs J., Seal S., Battaglini D., Fanning J., Suen J., Robba C., Fraser J., Cho S.M. Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis. J. Neurol. Sci., 2022, Vol. 434, 120162. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120162.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Qiao S., Liu Y., Han F., Guo M., Hou X., Ye K., Deng S., Shen Y., Zhao Y., Wei H., Song B., Yao L., Tian W. An intelligent neural stem cell delivery system for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. Adv. Healthc. Mater., 2018, Vol. 7, no. 12, e1800080. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201800080.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Raymond G., Aubourg P., Paker A., Escolar M., Fischer A., Blanche S., Baruchel A., Dalle J.-H., Michel G., Prasad V., Miller W., Paadre S., Balser J., Kurtzberg J., Nascene D.R., Orchard P.J., Lund T. Survival and functional outcomes in boys with cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy with and without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant., 2019, Vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 538-548.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Rubin J., Wide K., Remberger M., Gustafsson B. Acute neurological complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Pediatr. Transplant., 2004, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 62-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Rueff J., Medinger M., Heim D., Passweg J., Stern M. Lymphocyte subset recovery and outcome after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for plasma cell myeloma. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant., 2014, Vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 896-899.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ruiz-Argüelles G.J., Olivares-Gazca J.C., Olivares-Gazca M., Leon-Pena A.A., Murrieta-Alvarez I., Cantero-Fortiz Y., Gomez-Cruz G.B., Ruiz-Argüelles A., Priesca-Marin M., Ruiz-Delgado G.J. Self-reported changes in the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in patients with multiple sclerosis after autologous stem cell transplants: real-world data from a single center. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2019, Vol. 198, no. 3, pp. 351-358.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Saccardi R., Kozak T., Bocelli-Tyndall C., Fassas A., Kazis A., Havrdova E., Carreras E., Saiz A., Löwenberg B., te Boekhorst P.A.W., Gualandio F., Openshaw H., Longo G., Pagliai F., Massacesi L., Deconink E., Ouyang J., Nagore F.J.Z., Besalduch J., Lisukov I.A., Bonini A., Merelli E., Slavino S., Gratwohl A., Passweg J., Tyndall A., Steck A.J., Andolina M., Capobianco M., Martin J.L.D., Lugaresi A., Meucci G., Sáez R.A., Clark R.E., Fernandez M.N., Fouillard L., Herstenstein B., Koza V., Cocco E., Baurmann H., Mancardi G.L. Autologous stem cell transplantation for progressive multiple sclerosis: update of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation autoimmune diseases working party database. Mult. Scler., 2006, Vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 814-823.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Sharrack B., Saccardi R., Alexander T., Badoglio M., Burman J., Farge D., Greco R., Jessop H., Kazmi M., Kirgizov K., Labopin M., Mancardi G., Martin R., Moore J., Muraro P.A., Rovira M., Sormani M.P., Snowden J.A. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases: updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT autoimmune diseases working party (ADWP) and JACIE. Bone Marrow Transplant., 2019, Vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 283-306.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Shevchenko J.L., Kuznetsov A.N., Ionova T.I., Melnichenko V.Y., Fedorenko D.A., Kurbatova K.A., Gorodokin G.I., Novik A.A. Long-term outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in multiple sclerosis: physician’s and patient’s perspectives. Ann. Hematol., 2015, Vol. 94, no. 7, pp. 1149-1157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Singh G., Sharma M., Kumar G.A., Rao N.G., Prasad K., Mathur P., Pandian J.D., Steinmetz J.D., Biswas A., Pal P.K., Prakash S., Sylaja P.N., Nichols E., Dua T., Kaur H., Alladi S., Agarwal V., Aggarwal S., Ambekar A., Bagepally B.S., Banerjee T.K., Bender R.G., Bhagwat S., Bhargava S., Bhatia R., Chakma J.K., Chowdhary N., Dey S., Dirac M.A., Feigin V.L., Ganguli A., Golechha M.J., Gourie-Devi M., Goyal V., Gupta G., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Gururaj G., Hemalatha R., Jeemon P., Johnson C.O., Joshi P., Kant R., Kataki A.C., Khurana D., Krishnankutty R.P., Kyu H.H., Lim S.S., Lodha R., Ma R., Malhotra R., Malhotra R., Mathai M., Mehrotra R., Misra U.K., Mutreja P., Naghavi M., Naik N., Nguyen M., Pandey A., Parmar P., Perianayagam A., Prabhakaran D., Rath G.K., Reinig N., Roth G.A., Sagar R., Sankar M.J., Shaji K.S., Sharma R.S., Sharma S., Singh R., Srivastava M.V.P., Stark B.A., Tandon N., Thakur J.S., ThekkePurakkal A.S., Thomas S.V., Tripathi M., Vongpradith A., Wunrow H.Y., Xavier D., Shukla D.K., Reddy K.S., Panda S., Dandona R., Murray C.J.L., Vos T., Dhaliwal R.S. Lalit Dandonaburden of neurological disorders across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2019. Lancet Glob. Health, 2021, Vol. 9, no. 8, pp. e1129-e1144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Squillaro T., Peluso G., Galderisi U. Clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells: an update. Cell Transplant., 2016, Vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 829-848.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Tallawy H., Farghaly W., Rageh T., Shehata G., Metwaly N., Elftoh N., Hegazy A.M., El Moselhy E.A., Rayan I., Al Fawal B.M.A., Elhamed M.A.A. Epidemiology of major neurological disorders project in Al Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt. Neuroepidemiology, 2010, Vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 291-297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Tolf A., Fagius J., Carlson K., Akerfeldt T., Granberg T., Larsson E.M., Burman J. Sustained remission in multiple sclerosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Acta Neurol. Scand., 2019, Vol. 140, no. 5, pp. 320-327.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Weber C., Schaper J., Tibussek D., Adams O., MacKenzie C., Dilloo D., Meisel R., Göbel U., Laws H.-J. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of neurological complications following paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant., 2007, Vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 253-259.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Yagi H., Soto-Gutiérrez A., Parekkadan B., Kitagawa Y., Tompkins R., Kobayashi N., Yarmush M.L. Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of immunomodulation and homing. Cell Transplant., 2010, Vol. 19, no. 6-7, pp. 667-679.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
