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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17239</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-17239-IOS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interaction of steroid hormones and hormone-specific autoantibodies in regulation of tumor proliferative activity in breast cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимодействие стероидных гормонов и гормон-специфических аутоантител в регуляции пролиферативной активности опухоли у больных раком молочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Immunogenetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polenok</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поленок</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Pharmacy), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.фарм.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunogenetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mun</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мун</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunogenetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммуногенетики</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Studennikov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Студенников</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биотехнологии</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseikin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисейкин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Biological Engineer, Laboratory of Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер-технолог лаборатории биотехнологии</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyanko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костянко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Engineer, Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий инженер кафедры фундаментальной и прикладной химии</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., главный врач</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Breast Cancer Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий отделением опухолей молочной железы</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayramov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байрамов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Department of Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий патологоанатомическим отделением</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhbitskaya</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержбицкая</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Pathologist, Department of Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., врач-патологоанатом</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolpinskiy</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колпинский</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры лучевой диагностики, лучевой терапии и онкологии, главный врач</p></bio><email>egpolenok@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр угля и углехимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuzbass Clinical Oncology Dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Кузбасский клинический онкологический диспансер имени М.С. Раппопорта»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Kolpinsky Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Клинический консультативно-диагностический центр имени И.А. Колпинского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Gordeeva L.A., Mun S.A., Studennikov A.E., Eliseikin A.M., Kostyanko M.V., Zakharov V.N., Antonov A.V., Bayramov P.V., Verzhbitskaya N.E., Kolpinskiy G.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Глушков А.Н., Поленок Е.Г., Гордеева Л.А., Мун С.А., Студенников А.Е., Елисейкин А.М., Костянко М.В., Захаров В.Н., Антонов А.В., Байрамов П.В., Вержбицкая Н.Е., Колпинский Г.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Gordeeva L.A., Mun S.A., Studennikov A.E., Eliseikin A.M., Kostyanko M.V., Zakharov V.N., Antonov A.V., Bayramov P.V., Verzhbitskaya N.E., Kolpinskiy G.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глушков А.Н., Поленок Е.Г., Гордеева Л.А., Мун С.А., Студенников А.Е., Елисейкин А.М., Костянко М.В., Захаров В.Н., Антонов А.В., Байрамов П.В., Вержбицкая Н.Е., Колпинский Г.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17239">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17239</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Previously it has been shown that steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone (E2 и Pg); antibodies of A and G class against benzo[a]pyrene (IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp and IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp), estradiol (IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 and IgG<sub>1</sub>-E2), progesterone (IgA<sub>1</sub>-Pg and IgG<sub>1</sub>-Pg) and corresponding antiidiotypic antibodies (IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2 and IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg) may influence breast carcinogenesis. It was proposed that some of these effects way be enhanced or inhibited upon combined action of these factors in breast cancer (BC) patients. Hence, only some of these hormones and autoantibodies may show significant associations with tumor growth. Our study aimed for searching effects of E2 и Pg, IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp and IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 and IgG<sub>1</sub>-E2, IgA<sub>1</sub>-Pg and IgG<sub>1</sub>-Pg, IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2 and IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg in regulation of tumor proliferation in BC patients. Blood serum autoantibodies in 1258 BC cases (620 with I stage and 638 with II-IV stages) were studied using ELISA technique. Concentrations of steroid hormones were measured using “ImmunoEA-Estradiol”, and “ImmunoEA-Pg” (JSC “Immunotech”, Russia). Tumor Ki-67 was determined by standard immunohistochemical technique. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using CART algorithm of Statistica13.0 Software. The contents of Ki-67 positive cells in tumors of stage I BC were increased when blood serum Pg concentrations were high and depended on levels of IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 and IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2. The levels of Ki-67 positive cells in tumors of II-IV stages BCP were high when IgG<sub>2</sub>- Pg were low and IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp were increased. The levels of these factors were similar in blood serum of stage I and stage II-IV patients. Hence, the revealed difference in associations of tumor proliferation with studied serum factors could be dependent on changes of tumor cells receptivity during cancer progression. Immunoanalysis of IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg and IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp may be used for determination of tumor proliferation in BCP. It is proposed to study antiproliferative properties of artificially produced antibodies against Pg receptor for replenishment of IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg deficiency in BCP.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Разрозненными исследованиями показано участие в возникновении и росте рака молочной железы (РМЖ): стероидных гормонов, эстрадиола и прогестерона (E2 и Pg); антител классов A и G против бензо[a]пирена (IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp и IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp), эстрадиола (IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 и IgG<sub>1</sub>-E2), прогестерона (IgA<sub>1</sub>-Pg и IgG<sub>1</sub>-Pg) и антиидиотипических антител IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2 и IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg. Предположим, что при одновременном воздействии всех этих факторов на опухолевые клетки эффекты одних из них могут взаимно усиливаться, а других – нивелироваться. В результате значимые ассоциации с поведением опухоли могут проявлять только некоторые из них. Цель выявить предполагаемое участие в регуляции пролиферативной активности опухоли E2 и Pg, IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp и IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 и IgG<sub>1</sub>-E2, IgA<sub>1</sub>-Pg и IgG<sub>1</sub>-Pg, IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2 и IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg у больных РМЖ. Антитела в сыворотке крови больных РМЖ (620 с I стадией и 638 – со II-IV стадиями) определяли методом ELISA, а концентрации E2 и Pg с помощью тест-систем «ИммуноФА-Эстрадиол», «ИммуноФА-ПГ» (ЗАО «НВО Иммунотех», Москва, Россия). Содержание в опухоли протеина Ki-67 анализировали стандартным иммуногистохимическим методом. Статистическую обработку выполняли с помощью CART-анализа по программе Statistica 13.0. У больных с I стадией РМЖ содержание в опухоли Ki-67-положительных клеток было высоким при повышенных концентрациях Pg в сыворотке и зависело от уровней IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgG<sub>1</sub>-Bp, IgA<sub>1</sub>-E2 и IgG<sub>2</sub>-E2; у больных со II-IV стадиями РМЖ пролиферативная активность опухоли была повышенной при низких уровнях IgG<sub>2</sub>- Pg и высоких IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp. Выявленные особенности обусловлены, вероятно, изменениями восприимчивости клеток-мишеней к исследованным факторам, поскольку их содержание в сыворотке у больных с I и со II-IV стадиями не различались. Иммуноанализ IgG<sub>2</sub>-Pg и IgA<sub>1</sub>-Bp рекомендуется использовать в оценке пролиферативной активности опухоли у больных РМЖ. Целесообразно исследовать антипролиферативные свойства искусственно полученных антител против рецептора Pg.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>estradiol</kwd><kwd>progesterone</kwd><kwd>benzo[a]pyrene</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>эстрадиол</kwd><kwd>прогестерон</kwd><kwd>бензо[а]пирен</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FWEZ-2026-0004</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of a state assignment (project FWEZ-2026-0004)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания (проект FWEZ-2026-0004)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аутеншлюс А.И., Архипов С.А., Михайлова Е.С., Архипова В.В., Вараксин Н.А. 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