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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17242</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-17242-BLS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Basic lymphocyte subsets during the post-traumatic period in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка основных субпопуляций лимфоцитов в посттравматическом периоде у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirov</surname><given-names>Rustam Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закиров</surname><given-names>Рустам Шакирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Laboratory Physician, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology, Cytochemistry and Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики клинико-диагностической лаборатории, научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологических, цитохимических и биохимических методов исследования</p></bio><email>zakirov.rsh@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-6996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichuk</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петричук</surname><given-names>Светлана Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии</p></bio><email>cito@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaseva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасева</surname><given-names>Ольга Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Research, Chief of Department of Multiple Trauma and Intensive Care Unit, Head, Department of Emergency Surgery and Trauma in Children</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, руководитель отдела сочетанной травмы, анестезиологии и реанимации, заведующая отделением неотложной хирургии и травмы у детей</p></bio><email>karaseva.o@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Urgent Children Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>953</fpage><lpage>964</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-28"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zakirov R.S., Petrichuk S.V., Karaseva O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Закиров Р.Ш., Петричук С.В., Карасева О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakirov R.S., Petrichuk S.V., Karaseva O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Закиров Р.Ш., Петричук С.В., Карасева О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17242">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17242</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Severe trauma remains a leading cause of disability and mortality among children over 1 year. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in pediatric trauma, depending on severity, complication risks, and general prognosis in pediatric trauma. A total of 118 children with severe mechanical trauma (ISS ≥ 16) were included. According to the Severe Injury Outcomes Scale (OISS), 60 patients had a favorable outcome; 51, with unfavorable outcome, and fatal outcome was documented in 7 cases. On the basis of clinical course, the subgroups with septic complications (PSC, n = 23) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, n = 19) were discerned. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD19<sup>+</sup>, NK cells) was conducted on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 post-trauma, with return to age-specific reference values. A comparison group included 34 children with mild or moderate trauma (ISS &lt; 16), and a control group consisted of 60 age- and sex-matched healthy children. The laboratory findings revealed a significant and sustained reduction in CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD19<sup>+</sup>, and NK lymphocyte counts in children with severe trauma as early as day 1, with partial recovery by days 5-7. In children with mild trauma, these changes were less pronounced. Persistent lymphopenia, especially, in CD3<sup>+</sup> and NK cells was significantly associated with MODS, PSC, and poor outcomes. These results confirm the prognostic relevance of dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subpopulations as sensitive markers of immune dysfunction in the context of severe trauma and its complications. Inclusion of cellular immune parameters into risk stratification protocols may enhance the early identification of children at high risk for adverse outcomes and suggest targeted therapeutic interventions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тяжелая травма является одной из ведущих причин инвалидизации и смертности среди детей старше года. Это исследование направлено на оценку динамики основных популяций лимфоцитов периферической крови как показателей тяжести травмы, развития осложнений и прогноза исхода травматической болезни у детей. В исследование включено 118 пациентов с тяжелой механической травмой (ТТ, ISS ≥ 16), из которых 60 детей имели благоприятный исход, 51 – неблагоприятный, а 7 – летальный исход по шкале исходов Глазго и шкале исходов тяжелой травмы. По характеру течения посттравматического периода больных также разделили на группы в зависимости от развития гнойно-септических осложнений (ГСО, n = 23) и синдрома полиорганной недостаточности (СПОН, n = 19). С использованием лазерной проточной цитофлюориметрии был проведен анализ субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов периферической крови в динамике травматической болезни на 1-е, 3-и, 5-е, 7-е, 10-е и 14-е сутки с момента получения травмы с нормированием полученных показателей относительно возрастной нормы. Группу сравнения составили 34 ребенка с травмой легкой и средней степени тяжести (ЛТ, ISS &lt; 16). Контрольную группу в исследовании составили 60 условно здоровых детей, сопоставимых по возрасту и полу. Результаты показали, что у пациентов с тяжелой травмой (ISS ≥ 16) наблюдается значительное снижение количества CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD19<sup>+</sup> и NK-лимфоцитов уже в первые сутки после травмы, с частичным восстановлением к 5-7-м суткам. В группе с легкой травмой (ISS &lt; 16) изменения в составе лимфоцитов были менее выражены. Выраженное снижение количества лимфоцитов у детей с тяжелой травмой, особенно CD3<sup>+</sup> и NK-лимфоцитов, коррелирует с тяжестью состояния, развитием СПОН, ГСО и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Полученные данные указывают на важность динамического мониторинга уровней основных субпопуляций лимфоцитов периферической крови наряду с другими клеточными маркерами для прогноза развития осложнений и также исхода травматической болезни.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>severe injury</kwd><kwd>polytrauma</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes subsets</kwd><kwd>multiple organ failure</kwd><kwd>outcome prediction</kwd><kwd>infectious complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>тяжелая травма</kwd><kwd>политравма</kwd><kwd>субпопуляции</kwd><kwd>синдром полиорганной недостаточности</kwd><kwd>прогноз исхода</kwd><kwd>инфекционные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Тимофеев В.В., Бондаренко А.В. Эпидемиологические аспекты политравмы у детей в крупном городе // Политравма, 2012. № 4. С. 5-8. [Timofeev V.V., Bondarenko A.V. 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