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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Immunology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17393</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-17393-OTI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Immunological readings in Chelyabinsk</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Иммунологические чтения в Челябинске</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ON THE ISSUE OF NEUROINFLAMMATION IN SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К ВОПРОСУ О НЕЙРОВОСПАЛЕНИИ ПРИ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-2981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazenko</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князенко</surname><given-names>Павел Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student in the specialty 3.2.7. Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант 2-го года обучения специальности 3.2.7. Иммунология ФГБОУ ВО ТГМУ Минздрава России</p></bio><email>pknyazenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9261-1322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtina</surname><given-names>Evgenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтина</surname><given-names>Евгения Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>bakhtina.ev@tgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-1023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2056-6615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostiushko</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюшко</surname><given-names>Анна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ТГМУ Минздрава России</p></bio><email>kostyushko.av@tgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-851X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3661-5026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой нормальной и патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>markev2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Pacific State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Кафедра нормальной и патологической физиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Knyazenko P.A., Bakhtina E.V., Kostiushko A.V., Markelova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Князенко П.А., Бахтина Е.В., Костюшко А.В., Маркелова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Knyazenko P.A., Bakhtina E.V., Kostiushko A.V., Markelova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Князенко П.А., Бахтина Е.В., Костюшко А.В., Маркелова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17393">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/17393</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>ommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to represent a significant medical and social burden, remaining a common cause of adult hospitalization, temporary disability, and adverse outcomes. Severe CAP poses a particular clinical challenge, as local lung inflammation rapidly becomes systemic, leading to severe hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and the need for intensive care. The severe course of CAP is associated with systemic inflammation and may involve neuroimmune effects, potentially reflected by circulating neuroproteins. <bold>Aim of the Study. </bold>The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels and dynamics of serum S100B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with CAP and their association with clinical indicators of severe disease. <bold>Materials and Methods. </bold>A comparative observational study was conducted, including 51 hospitalized patients with CAP. Patients were divided into two groups: severe CAP (n=24) and moderate CAP (n=27). Severe CAP was defined by the presence of the following clinical criteria: hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), septic state, respiratory failure, or obstructive syndrome. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Concentrations of S100B, BDNF, and NSE were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with commercial kits. Statistical analysis involved reporting data as Median [Interquartile Range] (Me [Q1;Q3]), using the Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup comparisons, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired comparisons; p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. <bold>Results. </bold>On day 1, no significant differences were observed between the groups for S100B, BDNF, and NSE levels. Over time, S100B levels were higher in the severe CAP group on days 3 and 6. In the moderate CAP group, a decrease in S100B was noted from day 1 to day 3 (n=18; p=0.024). No significant differences were found for BDNF; however, on day 3, a trend towards higher values was observed in the moderate CAP group (p=0.056). Intergroup differences for NSE were not significant on days 1–6; however, an increase in NSE was observed from day 1 to day 6 in the severe CAP group (n=17; p=0.009). The most consistent finding in severe CAP was an elevation of S100B on days 3–6, highlighting the informative value of dynamic monitoring of this marker during the early hospitalization period. <bold>Conclusions. </bold>The findings should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in a larger cohort with more comprehensive dynamics and linkage to clinical endpoints to clarify the role of neuroproteins in the comprehensive assessment of CAP severity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) сохраняет значимое медико-социальное бремя, она остается одной из частых причин госпитализации взрослых, временной утраты трудоспособности и неблагоприятных исходов. Особую клиническую проблему представляет тяжелая ВП, когда локальное воспаление в легких быстро приобретает системный характер, сопровождается выраженной гипоксемией, развитием дыхательной недостаточности и потребностью в интенсивной терапии. Тяжёлое течение ВП сопровождается системным воспалением и может включать нейроиммунные эффекты, потенциально отражаемые циркулирующими нейробелками. Цель исследования - оценить уровни и динамику сывороточных S100B, нейротрофический фактор мозга (BDNF), нейрон-специфическая енолаза (NSE) у пациентов с ВП и их связь с клиническими признаками тяжёлого течения. Материалы и методы. Проведено сравнительное наблюдательное исследование. В анализ включён 51 госпитализированный пациент с ВП. Сформированы группы - тяжёлая ВП (n=24) и ВП средней тяжести (n=27). Тяжелое течение фиксировали при наличии следующих клинических признаков – госпитализация в ОРИТ, наличие септического состояния, наличие дыхательной недостаточности, наличие обструктивного синдрома. Забор крови выполняли на 1/3/6/9/12-е сутки. Концентрации S100B, BDNF и NSE определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (коммерческие наборы). Статистический анализ - Me [Q1;Q3], Манна–Уитни; для парных сравнений использовали критерий Вилкоксона; p&lt;0,05. Результаты. На 1-е сутки различий между группами по S100B, BDNF и NSE не выявлено. В динамике уровни S100B были выше при тяжёлой ВП на 3-и и 6-е сутки. В группе ВП средней тяжести отмечено снижение S100B от 1-х к 3-м суткам (n=18; p=0,024). По BDNF значимых различий не получено; на 3-и сутки отмечалась тенденция к более высоким значениям при ВП средней тяжести (p=0,056). По NSE межгрупповые различия на 1–6-е сутки не достигнуты, однако в группе тяжёлой ВП выявлено увеличение NSE от 1-х к 6-м суткам (n=17; p=0,009). Наиболее воспроизводимым отличием при тяжёлой ВП является повышение S100B на 3–6-е сутки, что подчёркивает информативность динамического мониторинга этого маркера в раннем госпитальном периоде. Выводы. Полученные результаты следует рассматривать как предварительные и требующие подтверждения на расширенной когорте с более полной динамикой и привязкой к клиническим конечным точкам для уточнения места нейробелков в комплексной оценке тяжести ВП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>severe course</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>neuroproteins</kwd><kwd>S100B</kwd><kwd>BDNF</kwd><kwd>NSE.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>тяжёлое течение</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>нейротрофический фактор мозга</kwd><kwd>нейрон-специфическая енолаза</kwd><kwd>нейропептид S100B.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chu C., Artis D., Chiu I. M. 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