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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Immunology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46235/1028-7221-549-FOS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of sensitization to molds and its role in development of respiratory allergic diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности сенсибилизации к плесневым грибам и ее роль в развитии респираторных аллергических заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gervazieva</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гервазиева</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head, Laboratory of Allergodiagnostics</p><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Гервазиева Валентина Борисовна</bold> – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующая лабораторией аллергодиагностики</p><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><email>vbger@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylikov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойликов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Samoylikov Pavel V.</bold>, PhD (Medicine), Senior Research Associate, Laboratory of Allergodiagnostics</p><p><italic>105064, Moscow, Maly Kasenny lane, 5a</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Самойликов Павел Владимирович</bold> – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории аллергодиагностики</p><p><italic>105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5а</italic></p></bio><email>samoilikov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Vaccine Prophylaxis and Immune Therapy of Allergic Disorders</p><p><italic>Moscow</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Васильева Галина Витальевна</bold> – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории вакцинопрофилактики и иммунотерапии аллергических заболеваний</p><p><italic>Москва</italic></p></bio><email>galyavasileva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Gervazieva V.B., Samoylikov P.V., Vasilyeva G.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Гервазиева В.Б., Самойликов П.В., Васильева Г.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gervazieva V.B., Samoylikov P.V., Vasilyeva G.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гервазиева В.Б., Самойликов П.В., Васильева Г.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/549">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/549</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over recent decades, a steady increase in the number of allergic diseases has been shown. Current evidence demonstrate a close association between their emergence and exposure to fungal allergens. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to identify frequency and structure of sensitization to the most clinically significant molds in the patients with respiratory allergic diseases. In blood serum of 283 patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, we determined total IgE and sIgE to the mold allergens: Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata by the ImmunoCAP method (Phadia, Sweden). Statistical analysis was carried out by nonparametric methods. The total IgE levels (420 (225.5-641) kU/l) were higher (p &lt; 0.05) in patients with sensitization to fungal allergens than in general group (296 (129- 530) kU/l). Multiple sensitization to respiratory allergens was revealed in the patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, and sensitization to fungal allergens was associated with increasingly severe manifestations of the disease. In the patients with fungal allergies, sIgE to Alternaria alternata was most often detected (92.5%), with average level of 3.52 (0.635-19.525) kUA/l. Sixteen patients (40%) were sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus (0.14 (0.06-0.63) kUA/l). In 19 patients (47.5%), we found increased levels of sIgE to Cladosporium herbarum (0.29 (0.045-1.005) kUA/l). Sensitization to Penicillium notatum was detected in 12 patients (30%), the sIgE levels were 0.125 (0.01-0.5) kUA/l. Detection rates in the total group of fungus-allergic patients with respiratory allergies were as follows: Penicillium notatum, 4.2%; Cladosporium herbarum, 6.7%; Aspergillus fumigatus, 5.6%; Alternaria alternata, 13.07%. We found a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.05) between the sIgE contents to different fungal allergens. The levels of IgE antibodies to Alternaria alternata correlated with the levels of sIgE to other fungi (Aspergillus fumigates, r = 0.45; Cladosporium herbarum, r = 0.39; Penicillium notatum, r = 0.39). These findings allow us to suggest that sensitization to Alternaria alternata (13.07%) and Cladosporium herbarum (6.7%) is most common among the patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, whereas fungal sensitization aggravates clinical course of these diseases. Determination of sIgE to Alternaria alternata can serve as a marker for the presence of potential cross-sensitization to other fungal allergens, i.e., Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum, and Penicillium notatum.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последние десятилетия неуклонно растет число аллергических заболеваний. Установлена взаимосвязь между их развитием и экспозицией микоаллергенов. В связи с этим целью исследования было выявить частоту и структуру сенсибилизации к наиболее клинически значимым видам плесневых грибов у пациентов с респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями. В сыворотке крови 283 больных с аллергическим ринитом и бронхиальной астмой мы определяли общий IgE и sIgE к аллергенам плесневых грибов Penicillium notatum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus и Alternaria alternata методом ImmunoCAP (Phadia, Швеция). Статистическую обработку данных проводили методами непараметрической статистики. Уровень общего IgE (420 (225,5-641) kU/l) был выше (р &lt; 0,05) у больных с сенсибилизацией к микоаллергенам, чем в целом по группе (296 (129-530) kU/l). У больных с аллергическим ринитом и бронхиальной астмой была выявлена поливалентная сенсибилизация к респираторным аллергенам и при утяжелении течения заболевания присоединялась сенсибилизация к микоаллергенам. В этой группе больных наиболее чаще выявляли sIgE к Alternaria alternata (92,5%), уровень которых составил 3,52 (0,635-19,525) kUA/l. 16 пациентов (40%) были сенсибилизированы к Aspergillus fumigatus (0,14 (0,06-0,63) kUA/l). У 19 (47,5%) пациентов мы определили повышенный уровень sIgE к Cladosporium herbarum (0,29 (0,045-1,005) kUA/l). Сенсибилизацию к Penicillium notatum выявили у 12 пациентов (30%), уровень sIgE составил 0,125 (0,01-0,5) kUA/l. В целом по группе больных с респираторными аллергическими заболеваниями частота выявления сенсибилизации к аллергенам плесневых грибов составила: Penicillium notatum – 4,2%; Cladosporium herbarum – 6,7%; Aspergillus fumigatus – 5,6%; Alternaria alternata – 13,07%. Мы выявили значимую корреляцию (p &lt; 0,05) между уровнями sIgE к микоаллергенам, так уровень IgE-АТ к Alternaria alternata коррелировал с уровнем sIgE к другим грибам (Aspergillus fumigatus r = 0,45; Cladosporium herbarum r = 0,39; Penicillium notatum r = 0,39). Полученные данные позволяют говорить, что у пациентов с аллергическим ринитом и бронхиальной астмой наиболее часто выявляется сенсибилизация к Alternaria alternata (13,07%) и Cladosporium herbarum (6,7%), при этом грибковая сенсибилизация утяжеляет течение данных заболеваний. Определение sIgE к Alternaria alternata может служить маркером наличия перекрестной сенсибилизации к другим грибковым аллергенам: Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum и Penicillium notatum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sIgE contents</kwd><kwd>Penicillium notatum</kwd><kwd>Alternaria alternate</kwd><kwd>Cladosporium herbarum</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus fumigatus</kwd><kwd>allergic rhinitis</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>sIgE</kwd><kwd>Penicillium notatu</kwd><kwd>Alternaria alternata</kwd><kwd>Cladosporium herbarum</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus fumigatus</kwd><kwd>аллергический ринит</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Achatz G., Oberkofler H., Lechenauer E., Simon B., Unger A., Kandler D., Ebner C., Prillinger H., Kraft D., Breitenbach M. 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