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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Immunology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский иммунологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1028-7221</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-7291</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Society of Immunology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">76</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S1028722118010021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF NEUTROPHILS AGAINST BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗАЩИТНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ НЕЙТРОФИЛОВ ПРИ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЯХ И ИХ ВКЛАД В ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matosova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матосова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology</p><p>690087, Vladivostok, Sel’skaya, 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и микробиологии</p><p>690087, Владивосток, Сельская, 1</p></bio><email>e_matosova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryukov</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюков</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и микробиологии</p>Владивосток</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ “Научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.П. Сомова”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Matosova E.V., Andryukov B.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Матосова Е.В., Андрюков Б.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matosova E.V., Andryukov B.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матосова Е.В., Андрюков Б.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/76">https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/76</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Infection is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Neutrophils are an active and numerous effector link in the innate immune system, which protects the body from infection with pathogenic microorganisms. However, the contribution of neutrophils in the development of the infectious process was underestimated, despite the fact that the functions of this subclass of leukocytes have long been known as a pathogenetic element of inflammation. In addition to phagocytosis, these cells can mediate lesser-characterized antibacterial strategies – extracellular degranulation, and also, by releasing extracellular chromatin, nuclear protein and serine proteases, to form web-like fiber structures called neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can capture pathogens, cause endothelial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The phenomenon of NETs is a relatively new form of programmed cell death (NETosis), the significance of which in the development of the infectious process and the development of inflammation is not fully understood. NETosis has a high potential for further study of the pathogenesis of inflammation and the search for effective methods of treating infections. This review focuses on modern data on the basic protective strategies of neutrophils against bacterial infections and their contribution to the pathogenesis of proinflammatory reactions. Modern approaches to pharmacological modulation of various variants of antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils are discussed, which is promising in cases of complex treatment of infections associated with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инфекции – одна из основных причин смертности и заболеваемости в мире. Нейтрофилы являются активным и многочисленным эффекторным звеном врожденной иммунной системы, который защищает организм от инфицирования патогенными микроорганизмами. Однако вклад нейтрофилов в развитие инфекционного процесса был недооценен, несмотря на то, что функции этого подкласса лейкоцитов давно известны в качестве патогенетического элемента воспаления. В дополнение к фагоцитозу эти клетки могут опосредовать менее охарактеризованные антибактериальные стратегии – внеклеточную дегрануляцию, а также, высвобождая внеклеточный хроматин, ядерный белок и сериновые протеазы, образовывать сетчатые волоконные структуры, называемые нейтрофильными внеклеточными ловушками (NETs). NETs могут захватывать патогены, вызывать эндотелиальную дисфункцию и провоспалительные иммунные реакции. Феномен NETs ‒ это сравнительно новая форма программируемой клеточной смерти (нетоз), значение которой в развитии инфекционного процесса и развитии воспаления до конца не изучено. Нетоз имеет высокий потенциал для дальнейшего изучения патогенеза воспаления и поиска эффективных методов лечения инфекций. В этом обзоре основное внимание уделяется современным данным об основных защитных стратегиях нейтрофилов при бактериальных инфекциях и их вкладу в патогенез провоспалительных реакций. Обсуждаются современные подходы к фармакологической модуляции различных вариантов антимикробных механизмов нейтрофилов, что перспективно в случаях комплексного лечения инфекций, ассоциированных с антибиотикорезистентными штаммами бактерий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infectious diseases</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>phagocytosis</kwd><kwd>degranulation</kwd><kwd>neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекционные болезни</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>фагоцитоз</kwd><kwd>дегрануляция</kwd><kwd>нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки (NETs)</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Комплексной программы фундаментальных исследований Дальневосточного отделения РАН “Дальний Восток”, проект № 18-5-099.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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