SYSTEMIC INTERRELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATORY, HORMONAL, AND METABOLIC MARKERS IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age and is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, including ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance and obesity. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of immune factors and systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, gonadotropins, proinflammatory cytokines, carbohydrate metabolism parameters, and insulin resistance index in women with different clinical phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome depending on the type of menstrual cycle.

Materials and Methods. The study included 86 women of reproductive age, who were divided into four groups: a control group (women without menstrual cycle disturbances) and three groups of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, stratified by type of menstrual irregularity: regular cycle, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea. All participants underwent evaluation of serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, glucose, insulin, and proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-17A. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index was also calculated.

Results. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of all evaluated hormonal and immune parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to the control group, with the most pronounced changes observed in the amenorrheic subgroup.

Conclusion. The results of the study confirm a systemic interrelationship between inflammatory, hormonal, and metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Proinflammatory cytokines may serve as potential biomarkers of disease severity, and their comprehensive assessment alongside hormonal and metabolic markers may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and support a more individualized approach to therapy in this patient population.