CYTOKINE IMBALANCE IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN



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Abstract

One of the reasons for the failure of the immune system in the fight against HIV is the variability of the virus, as well as the individual characteristics of the body. With HIV infection, there is an imbalance in the production of cytokines, which leads to a disruption of the immune response. Having a variety of properties, certain cytokines can protect against HIV infection, while others contribute to the development of an immunodeficiency state.  At the same time, the immunodeficiency virus can promote the synthesis and production of cytokines.  The study was conducted at the Republican AIDS Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Institute of Immunology and Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In all those examined, the diagnosis was confirmed clinically and laboratory by ELISA and immunoblotting.   HIV-infected participants were aged 9–18 years. Two groups were identified among HIV-infected children: Group I – 9-14 years old and Group II – 15-18 years old

  A study of the cytokines IL-4, IL-18, TNF-α and INF-γ was conducted in HIV-infected children aged 9–18 years. The identified imbalance of cytokines contributes to the damage of CD4+ cells by the virus, leading to the progression of immunosuppression and the subsequent development of opportunistic infections. It was found that in HIV-infected children there was a significant increase in the levels of IL-18, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.  It was found that in the older age group IL-18 and TNF-α increased and IFN-γ decreased. Elevated levels of IL-18 and TNF-α may indicate an active immune response to HIV. The occurrence of chronic inflammatory processes indicates the progression of the disease and the development of concomitant diseases. Changes in cytokine synthesis cause dysregulation of the immune response in HIV-infected children, which in turn can lead to increased viral replication. An increase in IL-4, IL-18, TNF-α with increasing age of children and a decrease in IFN-γ during ART shows the need to study the possible causes of these changes individually for each child and further adjustment of treatment for HIV-infected children.

About the authors

Zulfiya Ismailovna Akhmedjanova

Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Epidemiology, Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases

Email: doc.ram@mail.ru

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Immunoregulation

Uzbekistan, 100060, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, YA Gulamova 74

Dilbar Machmudovna Urunova

Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Email: d.urunova@yandex.com

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 

Uzbekistan, 100133, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Zakovat St., 2

Doniyor Alisher o'gli Karimov

Central Asian University, Tashkent State Dental Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: d.karimov@centralasian.uz

Assistant of the first department of therapeutic subjects

Uzbekistan, 264, Milliy bog St, Tashkent, 111221, Uzbekistan

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