IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF MILITARY DOCTORS

Abstract

Adequate adaptation and functioning in a certain environment are due to the integration of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Of particular interest is the identification of those changes in the immune system which are formed in conditions of a disturbed psychoemotional state can be used as predictors of the development of immunopathology. The purpose of the study: to determine the immunological features of the adaptive resources of the immune system of military medical students in the dynamics of the educational process. Students of the military training center (MTC) of the first (18 people), third (31) and sixth (34) courses corresponding to the I health group were examined. Psychological testing was carried out using the Ch.D. Spielberger methodology, adapted into Russian by Yu.L. Khanin, to identify the features of socio-psychological adaptation to the academic environment, the questionnaire of K. Rogers and R. Diamond was used, calculating the integral indicator of adaptation (SPA). The assessment of the immune status was approaches to the system-functional characteristics of the factors of the innate and adaptive immune response, the content of hormones in the blood serum (testosterone, cortisol, TSH, total T3, free T4) was measured using the ELISA method. The SPA integral coefficient demonstrated a gradual improvement in adaptability to the academic environment: only 40% of first-year students had complete adaptation, 80% of third-year students, and 100% of sixth-year students. Only first-year students showed a decrease in the number of cytolytically active forms of NK, as well as a decrease in the proportion of monocytes expressing TLR4 on their surface. Statistically significant differences were noted between the observed groups in the form of a predominance of testosterone and triiodothyronine levels in first-year students. Thus, the period of psychological adaptation to the educational process at a medical university is less successful for first-year university students compared to other observation periods; it is in this group that the immune system indicators related to innate immunity factors are reduced.