КОИНГИБИРУЮЩИЕ МОЛЕКУЛЫ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ ПАТОЛОГИИ. КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ТОЧКИ (CHECKPOINT) ИММУНОРЕГУЛЯЦИИ. Часть 2. Участие коингибирующих молекул в развитии инфекционной и онкологической патологии. Моноклональные антитела – блокаторы контрольных точек

Обложка
  • Авторы: Топтыгина А.П.1,2
  • Учреждения:
    1. ФБУН “Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского” Роспотребнадзора
    2. ФГБО УВПО “Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова”
  • Выпуск: Том 21, № 1 (2018)
  • Страницы: 3-16
  • Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ
  • Дата подачи: 15.04.2020
  • Дата принятия к публикации: 15.04.2020
  • Дата публикации: 15.01.2018
  • URL: https://rusimmun.ru/jour/article/view/75
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.7868/S102872211801001X
  • ID: 75


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Аннотация

Дифференцировка и протективные свойства антиген‑специфических Т‑клеток регулируются как позитивными, так и негативными сигналами. Молекулы семейства B7/CD28 очень важны для регуляции Т‑клеточной активации и периферической толерантности. Особенно PD‑1, CTLA‑4 и другие ко‑ингибирующие молекулы играют активную роль в ограничении чрезмерной иммунной активации, что чрезвычайно важно для успешного очищения от патогена без нанесения ущерба организму хозяина. Эти ко‑ингибирующие молекулы (иммунологические контрольные точки) необходимы для дифференцировки индуцированных Treg и их функционирования. С другой стороны, гиперэкспрессия ко‑ингибирующих молекул может приводить к формированию состояния “утомления” – exhaustion Т‑клеток – адаптивного состояния Т‑клеток, которое возникает при системной персистенции антигена. Такие “утомленные” Т‑клетки описывают как Т‑эффекторы с резко сниженной продукцией цитокинов и эффекторной функцией. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем критически важную роль ко‑ингибирующих молекул, которую они играют в иммунопатогенезе четырех иммунологических синдромов: аллергии, аутоиммунных заболеваний, хронических инфекций и рака. Обратимость состояния exhaustion Т‑клеток с помощью блокады ко‑ингибирующих путей открывает важную область терапевтического использования таких блокаторов в онкологии и при хронических вирусных инфекциях.

Об авторах

А. П. Топтыгина

ФБУН “Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского” Роспотребнадзора; ФГБО УВПО “Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова”

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: toptyginaanna@rambler.ru

д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории цитокинов МНИИЭМ им. Г.Н. Габричевского; профессор кафедры иммунологии биологического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова

125212, Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, 10

Россия

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