TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF THE THEORY NEURO-IMMUNO-ENDOCRINE SYSTEM



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Abstract

AbstractThe review presents the history of the evolution of views on the interrelation of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems and presents arguments justifying the concept that they are components of a single regulatory system, since their structures are tightly integrated into each other and they use the same biologically active substances as signaling molecules. At the same time, the same molecule, depending on the cell forming it, can be categorized as either neurotransmitters, hormones, or cytokines. Receptors for cytokines have been found on peripheral neurons and vagal nerve endings, and IL-4 regulates synaptic transmission. The function of immune system cells to produce hormones and neuropeptides has been proven. Catecholamines may originate from cells of the immune system. Hypothalamic neurosecretory cells express IL-1 and astrocytic glia cells express interferon. In the regulation of functions always act together, complementing or replacing each other, have a common coordinating center. Thus the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, secreting growth hormone, affects the synthesis and secretion of thymulin by epithelial thymic cells. Thus, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thymic axis is formed. A new science - neuroimmunoendocrinology - has emerged. Pathology of one of the systems invariably leads to significant changes in the others. There is not a single type of pathology that would not involve all three components of a single system. The unity of all components of the system is most clearly manifested in stress, traumatic shock, and cytokine storm.  Of particular interest is the cross-use of drugs in the therapy of diseases of each of the three systems. The use of immunotropic drugs has found application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Methods of pharmacological action on macrophages in the treatment of endocrine disorders are being developed. Thus, sufficient evidence has been accumulated to consider the immune, nervous and endocrine systems as a single system of physiological regulation, the basis of which is considered to be the transmission and processing of information.

About the authors

Valeriy Alexandrovich Chereshnev

Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Email: secretar@iip.uran.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Full Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Russian Federation, 106 Pervomayskaya St Yekaterinburg 620078 Russian Federation

Boris Yushkov

Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia;
Institute of Medical Cellular Technologies, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: b.yushkov@iip.uran.ru

PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, chief researcher of the laboratory of immunophysiology and immunopharmacology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation

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