MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF NEUTROPHILS AGAINST BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS

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Abstract

Infection is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Neutrophils are an active and numerous effector link in the innate immune system, which protects the body from infection with pathogenic microorganisms. However, the contribution of neutrophils in the development of the infectious process was underestimated, despite the fact that the functions of this subclass of leukocytes have long been known as a pathogenetic element of inflammation. In addition to phagocytosis, these cells can mediate lesser-characterized antibacterial strategies – extracellular degranulation, and also, by releasing extracellular chromatin, nuclear protein and serine proteases, to form web-like fiber structures called neutrophilic extracellular traps (NETs). NETs can capture pathogens, cause endothelial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory immune responses. The phenomenon of NETs is a relatively new form of programmed cell death (NETosis), the significance of which in the development of the infectious process and the development of inflammation is not fully understood. NETosis has a high potential for further study of the pathogenesis of inflammation and the search for effective methods of treating infections. This review focuses on modern data on the basic protective strategies of neutrophils against bacterial infections and their contribution to the pathogenesis of proinflammatory reactions. Modern approaches to pharmacological modulation of various variants of antimicrobial mechanisms of neutrophils are discussed, which is promising in cases of complex treatment of infections associated with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

About the authors

E. V. Matosova

Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: e_matosova@mail.ru

Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology

690087, Vladivostok, Sel’skaya, 1.

Russian Federation

B. G. Andryukov

Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

Email: fake@neicon.ru

MD, Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Microbiology

Vladivostok

Russian Federation

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