Effects of polyamines of bacterial origin on IgG production in patients with maxillofacial phlegmona

Putrescine and cadaverine are biogenic polyamines that result from the breakdown of the amino acids ornithine and lysine, respectively, and, as a rule, under participation of bacteria. It was revealed that putrescine and cadaverine are able to influence functional activity of innate immune cells at the sites of inflammation. The potential of these compounds to interact with immune cells by changing their activity, including synthetic abilities, causes interest in studying the production of immunoglobulins (Ig) by plasma cells in the presence of polyamines, especially, within inflamed area. The aim of research was to evaluate the effect of cadaverine and putrescine on the production of IgG in cultured mononuclear leukocytes of patients suffering with maxillofacial phlegmon. Materials and methods: Leukocytes were obtained from 13 patients with maxillofacial phlegmon and 10 healthy donors. After washing the cells, they were brought to the wells, where B-cell mitogen (PWM) and polyamines were added at concentrations of  5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mmol/L. An equal volume of nutrient medium was added to the control wells instead of polyamines. At the end of cultivation, a supernatant was collected, where the concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Results: In the absence of polyamines, higher IgG production by mononuclear cells of patients with acute purulent process (27.6±2.2 IU per 1 g of protein) was revealed compared with healthy donors (13.6±1.5 IU per 1 g of protein; p=0.002) showing a positive correlation. When culturing patients' lymphocytes in the presence of polyamines, we have found that cadaverine at all concentrations did not significantly change IgG production in mononuclear culture. When using putrescine, it was found that this metabolite in the culture of mononuclears in dose-dependent manner reduces their IgG production. Conclusion: Putrescine and cadaverine have a multidirectional effect on IgG production in the culture of mononuclear leukocytes of patients with facial phlegmon, due to their role in inflammatory events.