FEATURES OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE FACTORS IN ACUTE POST-VIRAL RHINOSINUSITIS IN MEASLES SURVIVORS

Abstract

Measles, as an acute viral disease with high contagiousness, transmitted by airborne droplets, is the leader among infectious pathologies, both in terms of the number of cases and the presence of complications from all human organs and systems. According to WHO, in 2024, more than 17.3 million cases of measles were reported worldwide, and the Russian Federation recorded more than 18,977 cases over the past year, according to Rospotrebnadzor, and this number continues to grow. The features of the disease in the winter-autumn 2024 epidemiological season were pronounced immune disorders and complications from the upper respiratory tract.

Aim. To assess the state of humoral immune response factors in acute post-viral rhinosinusitis in measles survivors 

Materials and methods.   A prospective, open-label clinical trial was conducted. The level of measles antibodies was studied by the content of IgG and IgM in the blood serum of people aged 19 to 55 years.  Statistical data was collected and analyzed, as well as research was carried out at Laboratory Hemotest LLC, the Consulting and Diagnostic Center of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia. The ELISA method and the Vector-Best test system (Novosibirsk, Russia) were used to determine specific IgG and IdM in blood serum. The cytokine concentration in the nasal mucosa was determined using the ELISA method.

Results and discussion. In patients with gnarled post-viral acute rhinosinusitis, high concentrations of specific IgM in the blood serum were found in 25% and high concentrations of IgG in 75%.  Against the background of acute rhinosinusitis, measles patients showed a 3.1-fold decrease in secretory IgA in nasal secretions relative to healthy people, an increase in serum IL-1b by 2.35 times, IL-6 by 3.17 times, TNF-α by 3.78 times, an increase in IL-10 by 1.96 times, IL-8 by 9.15 times, which indicates an imbalance of inflammation-regulating molecules and the inflammatory process of the nasal cavity of the paranasal sinuses.

Conclusion. One of the frequent complications of paramyxovirus infection is acute rhinosinusitis, the pathognomonic indicators of which is an immunological imbalance, manifested by increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in immunoglobulins G, A and sIgA.