CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOGRAMS OF TRAINEES WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

Abstract

The state of the immune system severely limits the ability of the body to adapt to physical exertion, and certain combinations of immunogram indicators associated with mechanisms of non-specific resistance when adapting to muscle work prospectively reflect a significant decrease in the reliability of the functioning of protective mechanisms. In this case, the systematization of the ratios of immunogram indicators in persons with different motor modes is relevant to clarify the principles of dosing muscle loads adequate to the state of the mechanisms of non-specific resistance and immunoreactivity. The purpose of the study was to reduce the number of studied variables by differentiating the sample into subgroups to identify patterns similar in properties to grouped objects. In students aged 18-24 years (boys n = 40 and girls n = 40) who have no contraindications for exercise, at rest, leuko- and immunogram parameters were analyzed with subsequent determination of the level of physical performance in the PWC₁₇₀ test. Students with an ordinary mode of motor activity made up the main department (n = 34); athletics students − athletic department (n = 27); low-fitness trainees − prep (n = 19). The study of the phagocytic and NBT activity of neutrophils and the content of CD-lymphocytes in the blood was carried out by immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. Results were compared based on the Mann-Whitney U test in Statistica. Grouping of subjects based on the state of the immunogram parameters was carried out using divisional clustering by the k-means method. Based on the results of 3 iterations of 65 indicators of leuko- and immunogram, 13 clusters were identified, the centroids of which were variables in the clustering of subjects. As a result, 4 iterations of 13 variables were allocated 5 clusters of subjects. The first cluster included individuals with an excess value of body mass index and was characterized by a low level of induced NBT-test neutrophils and a high content of CD₃⁺CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ and a double of negative CD₃⁺CD₄^-CD₈^-CD₄₅⁺ lymphocytes in them. The second cluster included representatives of the study groups with a predominantly medium and low level of physical performance, characterized by low phagocytosis activity, the number of CD₃^-CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺, CD₃⁺CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ and double negative CD₃⁺CD₄^-CD₈^-CD₄₅⁺ lymphocytes and a high content of T-cytotoxic CD₃⁺CD₄^-CD₈⁺CD₄₅⁺ lymphocytes. The third cluster, comprising predominantly athletes with high and medium levels of motor endurance, reflected high levels of NBT-induced neutrophils and low cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CD₃⁺CD₄^-CD₈⁺CD₄₅⁺ counts. The fourth cluster included individuals with low and medium levels of physical performance, with high phagocytic and spontaneous NBT-activity of neutrophils, CD₃^-CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ cell content, CD₃⁺CD₁₉^- and CD₃⁺CD₄⁺CD₈^-CD₄₅⁺ lymphocytes. The fifth cluster included individuals of all study groups of different levels of physical performance and was characterized by high values of phagocytic neutrophils number, low spontaneous NBT-test, CD₃⁺CD₁₆⁺CD₅₆⁺ and CD₃⁺CD₄^-CD₈^-CD₄₅⁺.