EXOSOMAL TETRASPANINS: THE ROLE OF CD63 AND CD81 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major global health problems with high prevalence and mortality rates. Complex intercellular communications supported by circulating exosomes, recognized as important participants in the immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Considering that tetraspanins (CD63 and CD81) are widely recognized as exosomal markers, the purpose of our study was to determine and evaluate the dynamics of serum production of exosomal tetraspanins CD63 and CD81 on  1 and  7^th  days of acute myocardial infarction. Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) aged 54.29±5.45 years and 10 healthy ones, age and gender matched.       Research results. AMI revealed two types of dynamics of tetraspanin production in acute ischemic process in the myocardium. Type 1 is characterized by initially low values ​​of tetraspanin CD63, compared to healthy individuals, and is accompanied by an increase in the production/release of exosomal CD63 on day 7; type 2 is with higher CD63 values, exceeding those ​​​​of healthy individuals on day 1 of the pathological process with AMI decrease in their concentration by day 7. Our correlation analysis of tetraspanin CD63 allowed us to establish links with age, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and the number of platelets and leukocytes. The CD81 level in patients with AMI in the blood serum was significantly lower than in healthy individuals. The identified features of the production dynamics allowed us to classify patients by types: 1 - with an increase in serum exosomal CD81 and subsequent achievement of the target tetraspanin level typical for healthy individuals; 2 - with a decrease in concentration compared to the initial level, combined with a higher frequency of adverse cardiovascular events. The correlation analysis of serum CD81 allowed us to establish correlations with the level of leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and obesity degree. Conclusions. The exosomal profile of circulating CD63 and CD81 in individuals with AMI differs in its quantitative characteristics from healthy subjects, and characterized by different types of dynamics of tetraspanin production during the first week of myocardial infarction.