Сytokine profile of blood plasma in acute pyelonephritis at different trimesters of gestation

Among bacterial infections that threat female health and life, urinary tract infections (UTI) take a leading position among reasons for hospitalization and the development of negative reactions during pregnancy. The fundamental importance for the onset and end of acute pyelonephritis is given to the state of the innate link of immunity. A special role in the formation of the “cytokine cascade” belongs to various types of cytokines. An increased incidence of pyelonephritis in pregnant women shows insufficient awareness, as well as a lack of understanding various aspects of the pathogenesis in this disease, especially regarding cytokine status of pregnant women at the local and systemic levels. The aim of our work was to study the dynamics of cytokine profile in peripheral blood plasma in acute pyelonephritis at different trimesters of pregnancy before and after treatment. Materials and methods: The study included 143 women (mean age 25.3±5.2 years), divided into different groups. I.e., comparison group included healthy non-pregnant women and women with physiological pregnancy in the 1^st , 2^nd, and 3^rd trimesters without kidney pathology; main group consisted of pregnant women with acute serous pyelonephritis in the 1^st , 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of pregnancy, as well as two groups of women with acute pyelonephritis in the 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of gestation with basic treatment including the immunomodulator Viferon, or without this medication. The dynamics of changes in the cytokine profile before and after treatment were studied in the samples of peripheral blood plasma. Results: In acute serous pyelonephritis, the cytokine content at the systemic level was increased, in the course of pregnancy, especially, over 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters, thus suggesting the presence of immune inflammation. The basic treatment does not fully normalize the altered parameters of cytokine profile, mainly in the 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of gestation. The best corrective effect is achieved by pharmacotherapy with the addition of Viferon to the basic treatment. The results of this work expand the existing views on the participation of cytokines in pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis during different trimesters of pregnancy.