Vol 22, No 3 (2019)

Immunological study of the violation of cellular component of immune system in workers employed in chrome ore mining revealed excessive production of suppressor T-regulatory cells CD4⁺CD127^–, apoptotic Bax protein. What is more, there was an increase in the rate of specific sensitization of IgE to chrome in relation to the comparison group associated with elevated chrome level in the blood (more than 5 times in relation to the reference level). A significant decrease in CD-immunogram parameters was found: CD3⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD95⁺. Besides, there was reduction in expression of intracellular protein factor Bcl-2, transcription factor regulating the cell cycle – p53, receptor for tumor necrosis factor TNFR compared with the values of employees working outside the influence of the studied industrial factors (p<0.05). Thus, the production conditions associated with hapten load (chrome) create an imbalance of cellular regulation, disrupting the programmed procedure of cell death (apoptosis). Key words: clusters of cell differentiation, specific sensitization, chrome>˂ 0.05). Thus, the production conditions associated with hapten load (chrome) create an imbalance of cellular regulation, disrupting the programmed procedure of cell death (apoptosis). 

 

The study assessed using the ELISA method the content of 16 cytokines in seminal plasma of 85 patients with chronic prostatitis and concomitant infertility in order to determine their significance as potential markers of prognosis and treatment efficacy. A statistically significant increase in the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-18 was established against the background of a significant decrease in the levels of IL-1β, TGF-β, SDF-1α and IL-7. The most informative predictor of the limitation of the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in inflammation of the prostate gland is the imbalance of IL-18 and TGF-β as key regulators of the immune status of the reproductive system.

The paper presents the results of a study of the antibacterial properties of monochromatic incoherent light with wavelengths of 635 nm with an average power of 50 mW, a density of 5 J / cm² and 450 nm with an average power of 50 mW, an energy density of 5 J / cm² , the area of the illuminated zone – 9.25 cm² , illumination – 11 mW / cm2 in vitro using Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the skin of patients with staphylococcal skin lesions, the exposure time to the isolates of microorganisms is 900 seconds, the area of the illuminated zone is 9.25 cm² , the illumination is 11 mW / cm2 . It was established that light with a wavelength of 635 ± 10 nm has poorly pronounced bacteriostatic effects on Staphylococcus aureus, which was confirmed by the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in isolates after irradiation, light with a wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm, has bacteriostatic properties, which was confirmed by a decrease in the number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies after exposure to light with a wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm. 

Food plants bioflavonoids have chemoprotective and immunomodulatory properties, including the ability to affect the earliest stages of immunopoiesis, therefore the development of complex adjuvant therapeutic compositions on their basis is of undoubted relevance. The purpose of this study was to identify the immunopoiesis modulating and chemoprotective properties of the natural food polyphenols original complex “Epigenorm antivir”. As a result of the study, it was found that “Epigenorm antivir” increases the functional activity of bone marrow stem cells – the early common precursors of hematopoiesis, and also it has chemoprotective properties, the ability to increasing of the hematopoietic stem cell functional activity under the immunosuppression conditions.

The analysis of the features of immunoregulatory indicators of the child population living in the zone of airborne aluminum pollution was carried out. According to the results of immunological studies of the health of the child population, the presence of pathological changes in the immune system was revealed, which are manifested in a decrease in the phagocytic activity of cells, an increase in the level of the main classes of immunoglobulins, activation of T cell receptors CD127^–, an increase in the content of cell death receptor CD95⁺ (р<0,05). The comparative polymorphism of the eNOS gene (rs1799983) was studied. The excessive frequency of the T allele of the eNOS gene (rs1799983) was established, which, under the conditions of the technogenic “aluminum” province, can cause the occurrence of diseases of the cardiovascular system in children. Key words: aluminum, children population, eNOS gene polymorphism, risk, diseases of the cardiovascular system>˂0,05). The comparative polymorphism of the eNOS gene (rs1799983) was studied. The excessive frequency of the T allele of the eNOS gene (rs1799983) was established, which, under the conditions of the technogenic “aluminum” province, can cause the occurrence of diseases of the cardiovascular system in children. 

Exercise was modeled in an experiment on 42 white mongrel rats. Chronic physical exercise submaximal power was modeled by daily swimming for 30 minutes – 21 days: the fi rst seven days the animals swam without load for 30 minutes, the next two weeks with a load of 2% of body weight. On the 9th, 15th and 21^st day of the experiment, the animals were additionally subjected to maximum exercise: they swam for 4 minutes with a weight of 20% of their body weight. Ceruloplasmin was administered on the 1st, 4^th and 7^th day of physical activity, in a total dose of 60 mg / kg body weight. Blood sampling was carried out on the 9^th, 15^th and 21^st day of the experiment. Under the experimental conditions in rats, it was shown that chronic physical exertion of submaximal power leads to the activation of the functional activity of leukocytes and an increase in the production of IL-6 by 15, 21 days and IL-4 by 21 days of the experiment. The introduction of ceruloplasmin during physical exertion of submaximal power levels out elevated levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-4) and leads them to control indicators. 

The paper presents the results of clinical and laboratory studies of a new metabiotic drug based on biologically active substances of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis B-3679. The assessment of the state and dynamics of changes in such integral immunological parameters characterizing the state of health of patients as the level of lysozyme activity and the concentration of s Ig A, and Ig A, M, G in salivary fluid of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity is given. It was found that the metabiotic was safe for use and had a pronounced positive clinical and therapeutic effect, normalizes the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of opportunistic microflora and an increase in the concentration of representatives of normal microflora. It was experimentally established that the studied metabiotic has a high antagonistic activity against various types of opportunistic microorganisms secreted in patients with periodontitis and promotes increased activity of salivary fluid lysozyme and immunoglobulins A and G.

In this work, the production of cytokine-like substances was studied in 5 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with and without genetic determinants of staphylococcal protein A (spa gene). The spa gene in S. aureus was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The cytokine-like activity of the supernatants of S. aureus daily broth cultures was determined using Multiplex (Luminex, United States) immunofluorescence test systems (G-CSF, GM-CSF, INF-γ, IL-1Ra, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17a, TGFα, MCP1, MIP1b, TNF-α) on a MAGPIX-100 instrument (USA). It was established that, regardless of the presence or absence of genetic markers of staphylococcal protein A, in the supernatants of the studied strains of S. aureus, cytokine-like substances were detected. Thus, the cytokine-like activity of S. aureus does not depend on the presence in bacteria of the spa gene, which is responsible for the production of staphylococcal protein A.

The cell receptor PD-1 is a member of the CD28. This coinhibitory receptor is a member of subfamily “immunological checkpoints”. For this reason, testing the activities of such preparations is important for clinical medicine. In this study, a human monoclonal anti PD-1 antibody was developed and tested for functional activity by flow cytometry immunophenotyping analysis. This method was demonstrated to be eff ective for protein identifi cation and for fast screening of monoclonal antibody functional activity.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by multifocal areas of demyelization and immune cell infiltration. In the current study, we analysed the frequencies and the phenotypes of “polarized” Th cell subsets in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients (n=38, with low disease duration – 1 year (8 month; 1,5 years) and low EDSS – 1,0 (1,0; 1,5)) and healthy control group (n=48). We show that within CD45RA^–CD3⁺CD4⁺ subset the frequencies of Th17 and follicular Th (Tfh) cells were signifi cantly higher in patients while the levels of Th1 cells were significantly lower in comparison to control group. Similarly, in central memory CD45RA^–CD62L⁺ Th the relative number of Th1 cells was reduced while frequencies of Tfh subset were increased in MS patients if compared to control. Finally, MS patients showed increased frequency of Th17 and Tfh cells in CD45RA^–CD62L^– Th subset compared to control while Th1 were lower in patients group. It seems that Th17 cells infiltrating the nervous tissue could be responsible for neutrophil infiltration, while Tfh cells could take part in B-cell-mediated immune response nearby to site of infl ammation and may be accompanied by production of self-reactive antibodies as well as augmented neutrophilic activity. 

Тhe paper presents the results of a study of the content of cytokines in washes from the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in the early postoperative period in patients operated on for the curvature of the nasal septum. It has been established that in rhinosurgical patients on the first day after surgery, an imbalance in the cytokine system is recorded, consisting in increasing the amount of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and the content of IL-2 decreases. IL-6. We regard the results obtained as the result of the compensatory-adaptive response of the nasal mucosa to surgical stress that occurs in the early postoperative period.

Currently, prosthetics based on dental implants is widely used for the replacement of missing teeth, and consequently the number of complications associated with the occurrence of infl ammation surrounding tissues is growing. The object of the research is to conduct analysis the level oral cytokines in the patients with a closed sinus lift with simultaneous dental implantation, ending in the development of early form of periimplants, and to assess the topical immunotherapy effect on concentration saliva cytokines in this implantation method. 105 patients who received implant treatment were comprehensively examined using laboratory and immunological methods – the dynamics of concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-8, IL-2 and IL-10 of saliva on the 6th, 12th and 24 th day of the postoperative period was evaluated. Based on the analysis of the salivator level of cytokine in patients with early periimplants the imbalance of the pro- and anti-infl ammatory cytokines of the oral cavity was diagnosed. The topical cytokine therapy with betaleukin and roncoleukin leveled out the revealed immunological changes and prevented the chronic infl ammatory response in the early postoperative period.

Arginine is an important nutrient involved in the regulation of homeostasis, vascular tone, as well as the development of infl ammation and immune response. Arginine defi ciency caused by bacterial arginine-deiminase can lead to endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, using the Supernatants of Destroyed Streptococcal Cells (SDSCs) of the original strain (S. pyogenes M49-16) and its isogenic mutant with the inactivated gene of arginine-deiminase ArcA (M49-16delArcA), the effect of arginine deiminase on the proliferative activity and expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated. Cell distribution by cell cycle phases and expression of surface molecules were investigated by fl ow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. It was shown that the original strain SDSC signifi cantly reduced the proliferative activity of HUVEC and increased the expression of adhesion molecules CD62P, ICAM-1 and tissue factor CD142. The SDSC of the mutant strain did not have any effect. In the presence of supernatants of both strains, the expression of VEGFR-2 receptor did not change. The results showed that streptococcal arginine deiminase promotes development of endothelial dysfunction, infl ammation, and coagulation.

The use of anti-infl ammatory drugs (5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), glucocorticoids) for Crohn’s disease (CD) as a basic therapy is limited to a wide range of side eff ects and requires the search of new therapeutic approaches. The aim of the work is to study the eff ect of rectal suppositories of the original composition with 80% spirituous extract of curcumin on the serum concentration of IgG and IgM in experimental CD. The work was performed on 70 Wistar white rats, CD was modeled by rectal administration of 100 μl of a 3% solution of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), the extract of curcumin in rectal suppositories of the original composition based on polyethylene glycol was used every 12 hours, in the comparison group rectal suppositoria with 5-ASC were used every 12 hours also. The serum concentration of IgG and IgM was determined using specifi c test systems for rats on an immunoassay analyzer on 3, 5 and 7 days of the experiment. It was determined that in experimental TNBS-induced Crohn’s disease in the serum of rats, the concentration of IgG and IgM increases on days 3, 5 and 7 of the experiment. The use of curcumin extract in rectal suppositories of the original composition in experimental CD leads to a decrease in the concentration of IgG and IgM on days 3 and 5 of observation.

Children of 2–17 years old with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 100), unspecified reactive arthropathy (n = 15) and 31 healthy children (controls) were examined. The spontaneous, anti-CD3-stimulated and anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated concentrations of IL-17 and IFN-γ in the cells cultures supernatants were determined by ELISA. The spontaneous IFN-γ level in children with arthritis of various etiologies was higher than in control, while the IFN-γ concentrations in both variants of stimulation in the patients were lower. The spontaneous IL-17 production in the patients and in healthy children was the same, while stimulated synthesis of IL-17 in the groups with arthritis was higher than in the control group.

This article shows results of immunological status’ research at patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) combined with atherosclerotic artery disease of lower limbs. Depending on presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) two groups of patients were formed up. With the view to validation of immunological changes’ qualities, we detected levels of IgA, IgG and IgM, circulating immune complex and blood serum cytokine’s levels. It’s elucidated, that patients with DM2 without CAD, compared with patients with CAD, have significant high levels of Interleukin 8. There were no high level markers of chronic infl ammation (IgA, IgG, circulating immune complex and pro-infl ammatory cytokines Il-1β and Il-6) detected in groups of interest.

This article deals with the problem of the regulatory relationships of the main adaptive systems of the body, immune and nervous. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system is able to have a coordinating infl uence on the behavior and emotional responses of animals and humans. Exploratory behavior is one of the most important types of behavior, which provides the individual with knowledge of the environment and is an essential psychological mechanism of adaptation of higher vertebrates. The purpose of the article was to analyze the psychophysiological indicators in experimental animals after transplantation of immune cells, the functional activity of which was in vitro modulated by the treatment with a psychoactive substance. It was demonstrated that in recipient mice after transplantation of modulated with aminazine immune cells exploratory behavioral editing is recorded against the background of cytokines IL-1ß, TNFα, IL-6 increase in the brain; as well as a decrease in the intensity of the immune response. The presented results show the possibility of using immune cells as model objects for infl uencing the neuroimmune functional relationship; as well as the promising application of cellular technologies for behavioral patterns editing.

Vaccine prevention of anthrax in Russia is carried out according to epidemiological indications 1 time per year with the use of live anthrax vaccine. The main problem is the lack of a method to control the immunological efficacy of vaccination. The article presents data that analyzes the anthrax human humoral and cellular immunity among donors vaccinated 10–12 months ago with live anthrax vaccine. It was shown that in the blood serum of the most vaccinated donors did not detect antibodies to the protective antigen (PA). However, in all vaccinated patients (with the exception of one donor) T and B lymphocytes circulated in the blood enhanced proliferative activity ant the expression of activation receptors on their cell surface in response to PA in vitro. The obtained data suggested that predominantly specific cellular immunity is persisted in the long-term after vaccination against anthrax.

The features of spontaneous and induced synthesis of cytokines ex vivo in children under strontium exposure were analyzed. The levels of spontaneous, mitogen-induced (phytohemagglutinin 4 μg/ml, concavalin A 4 μg/ml, lipopolysaccharide 2 μg/ml) and strontium (0.01 mg/ml) cytokine production in supernatants of whole peripheral blood of children living in the endemic area of stable strontium exposure were determined by enzyme immunoassay. When compared to the spontaneous production of cytokines by peripheral blood cells of children in the observation group, we revealed a significant decrease in IL-12 levels by 3.1 times, TNF-α by 5.6 times regarding the comparison group and the absence of differences in the spontaneous synthesis of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF. Under the conditions of inducing effect of strontium, a decrease in production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF was found to be by 5.0, 1.7, 2.4, 1.6, 5.0 times, respectively, at the overall stimulating effect of the metal on the indicators of the observation group, IL-6 by 133.1 times, IL-12 by 1.4 times, GM-CSF by 2.2 times, TNF-α by 1.8 times. The data obtained indicate a modulating effect of strontium on cytokine production in whole blood cultures with a predominantly activating effect on mediators of the pro-infl ammatory action of IL-6, IL-12, GM-CSF, TNF-α.

The effect of the native (non-recombinant) pregnancy specific β1-glycoprotein (PSG) preparation on the differentiation and proliferation of Th-17 polarized helper T cells was studied. The object of the study was the culture of “naive” helper T cells (CD4+) isolated by the immunomagnetic separation. Cells were polarized into the Th17 phenotype using TCR-activator and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). It was shown that PSG had a suppressive effect on the Th17 cell frequency in culture (CD4+ROR-γt+), and inhibited the proliferation of these cells, as measured by the method of differential gating. Thus, in the experimental model used, PSG had a pronounced suppressive effect on the differentiation and proliferation of T-helpers polarized into the Th17 phenotype.

A diagnostic examination of 78 people living permanently under the negative impact of emissions resulted from enterprise producing aluminum was carried out. The control group consisted of 52 people. Examination of the adult population revealed changes in the immune system: there is a decrease in the phagocytic activity of cells and IgG deficiency in relation to the norm and control; a significant increase in the relative and absolute level of CD4⁺CD127^– T lymphocytes was observed. What is more, we have seen hyperproduction of antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 and a decrease in the values of activation markers CD3⁺CD25⁺ and CD3⁺CD95⁺. At the same time, the level of specific sensitization of the organism to aluminum according to the criterion of immunoglobulin of G class was significantly heightened in comparison with the age norm and the control group. Thus, in adults living under aerogenic exposure to aluminum, changes in cellular immunoregulation characterized by the imbalance of the receptor apparatus of immunocytes and intracellular transcription factors associated with increased specific sensitization of the body to aluminum, which results in slowing of cell death and the formation of hapten-mediated proliferative reactions, were determined. 

At present, the resistance to antibacterial substances being formed in microorganisms opens up new areas of search for alternative compounds with similar properties. In scientific research in recent years, the antimicrobial properties of platinum compounds and pyridinium derivatives have been actively studied. The purpose of this study was to study effect against Escherichia coli of aqueous solutions of 1-allyl-2- aminopyridinium bromide and two hexachloroplatinate complexes in three experiments. As a result of the carried out research, a reliable antibacterial effect of one of the platinum compounds was revealed in relation to Escherichia coli.