Vol 21, No 3 (2018)

The work carried out an assessment using ELISA level of serum cytokines and biological fl uids of persons who have undergone purulent-infl ammatory diseases of the urogenital tract. The object of the study was the cytokine profi le of 98 men with gonococcal infection and 40 patients with nonspecifi c urethritis. The study showed that the established values of cytokine levels were used as markers of the volume of urogenital infl ammation, which served as the basis for the development of a method of diagnosis and prediction of the course of the infectious process. The revealed diff erences in the immunocytocin profi le can contribute to the disclosure of the mechanisms of formation of various forms of infection, as well as to determine the methodological and tactical approaches to the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with sexual and reproductive health disorders.

In the remote period after chronic radiation exposure with predominant exposure to red bone marrow (average dose – 1.04±0.17 Gy, individual dose values: 0.01–2.96 Gy) in individuals with an increased frequency of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes there was no decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and their main subpopulations, as well as B-lymphocytes and cells of innate immunity in the blood. The average values of the majority of indicators characterizing the innate immunity and serum cytokine levels in them corresponded to those in irradiated people with normal levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes apoptosis. In the exposed individuals with elevated levels of apoptosis of lymphocytes an increase in indicators of spontaneous NBT-test of neutrophils and reduced levels of serum IFNγ were observed. The results of the study showed that in the long term after chronic radiation exposure induction of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis did not lead to the secondary immunodefi ciency development.

Dose-dependent eff ects of antibiotics and their eff ect on immune cells of the body, in particular neu-trophilic granulocytes, are still poorly understood. The method of fl ow cytometry was determined by the  minimum eff ective dose of chemomycin by assessing the degranulation of neutrophils. It was found that under the action of minimum eff ective dose chemomycin neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are one of the mechanisms of adaptive immunity. It is noteworthy that the release of NETs in response to the action of chemomycin was not dependent on gender.

The paper presents the results of the study of neurocytokine interactions in children with autism spectrum disorders with diff erent levels of social adaptation. Two excellent images of functional networks were revealed: in the group “ASD, social contact” – a network with a small number of correlation links – “image of delayed neurodevelopment”; in the group “ASD, without social contact” – the network of correlations is tense, indicating the activation of the sympathetic-adrenal axis, which is the base in the adaptation reaction “fi ght/ fl ight” or “frozen behavior” – the image of the “closed system”. 

An analysis was made оf the presence оf antiоxidant and additiоnal immunоstimulating prоperties in an in vitrо cоmpоsitiоn frоm methiоnine and turmeric. Determinatiоn оf catalase activity with respect tо methiоnine, curcuma, curcuma and methiоnine cоmpоsitiоn was carried оut оn the mоdel оf neutrоphilic granulоcytes оf peripheral blооd оf dоnоrs by reactiоn with ammоnium mоlybdate, the functiоnalmetabоlic status оf neutrоphilic granulоcytes was studied in terms оf activity and intensity оf phagоcytоsis, activity and intensity оf neutrоphilic granulоcytes in NBT- test. It was shоwn that the jоint incubatiоn оf neutrоphilic granulоcytes оf blооd frоm healthy dоnоrs with a sоlutiоn оf turmeric and a cоmpоsitiоn оf turmeric and methiоnine has a high antiоxidant activity.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the systemic and local levels of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes (group I) and periodontitis without diabetes mellitus (group II). 65 patients were examined, including: 30 patients. – I group and 35 people. – II group. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers (30 people). In both patients, a signifi cant increase in MMP-9, TIMP-1, -2 in the serum, an increase in MMP-2, -8, -9, TIMP-1, -2 in saliva, as well as MMP-8 and MMP-9 in the blood obtained from the microcirculatory bed of the gingival patients. A decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-8 levels in the blood serum, as well as a decrease in the levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the blood, obtained from the ICR of the gingiva in patients of groups 1 and 2, was determined. In patients with periodontitis against diabetes mellitus II, hyperproduction of MMP-9 was established, as well as an increase in the levels of TIMP-1 in blood obtained from the ICR of the gum. In the group of patients without concomitant pathology, on the contrary, there was a more pronounced increase in MMP-8 levels, as well as an increase in TIMP-1 in saliva and TIMP-2 in serum.

The level of neurospecifi c proteins and autoantibodies to the subunit NR2 of the NMDA receptor in veterans with early forms of chronic cerebral ischemia was studied. It was shown that these patients had permeability disturbances of the blood-brain barrier with the growth of autosensibilization processes to brain antigens, which may be one of the mechanisms of progression of chronic cerebral ischemia and a predicted failure of cerebral circulation compensation in patients with progressive course of chronic cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, the defi nition of neurospecifi c proteins in the systemic circulation may be promising for the diagnosis of early stages of chronic cerebral ischemia, when other objective methods of research may be of little informative.

The article presents data on the eff ect of substituted 1, 3, 4-thiadiazine on the change in hematological parameters of rats with alloxan diabetes. It was found that the synthetic compound L-17 has the ability to correct hematological disorders in rats with alloxan diabetes.

In the experiment on rats shows that chronic submaximal exercise and moderate power leads to an increase in neutrophils with change of their functional activity. Chronic physical load of moderate power there is a decrease in chemotaxis. Phagocytic function changes is ambiguous – phagocytosis activity increases and intensity decreases. Chronic submaximal exercise indices of functional activity of leukocytes remain within the control values.

This scientifi c work is devoted to the study of the possibility of creating a new metabolic drug (using biologically active substances of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis B-3679) for use as a preventive and therapeutic agent for infl ammatory diseases of tissues and organs of the oral cavity. Previously, the metabolites of spore probiotic microorganisms were practically not used for the design of medical pharmacological preparations.

The role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its peptide fragments of β-subunit (LQGV, AQGV, VLPALP) in the regulation of indolеamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in human monocytes was studied in vitro. It is elucidated, that a high concentration of hCG (20 μg/ml) had an independent stimulatory eff ect on the expression of IDO in LPS -, and the IFN-γ – induced monocytes. Peptides AQGVand LQGV (20 μg/ml) also stimulated LPS-induced expression of IDO, but had no eff ect on IFN- γ-induced expression of the enzyme. At the same time, peptide VLPALP (20 μg/ml) provided the stimulatory eff ect only on the IFN-γ-induced expression of IDO. Simultaneously, peptides AQGV and VLPALP increased the production of IL-1β monocytes under LPS-stimulation, while hCG did not exert any independent eff ect. Generally, hCG and oligopeptides of β-hCG subunit enhance the expression of IDO by monocytes, which eventually contributes to peripheral immune tolerance development.

95 patients at the age of 18–60 years with bronchial asthma, perennial allergic rhinitis with or without associated food allergy were examined. There have been carried out the study of IFN-g, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-22 in skin exudates that enabled to reveal an essential increase in IL-22 in persons with food allergy.

The results of studying the eff ectiveness of the use of ultrasound cavitation therapy in patients with curvature of the nasal septum in the early postoperative period are presented. Research methods: microbiological, immunological (assessment of phagocytosis activity and intensity, nitrous tetrazolium reduction test), biochemical (investigation of lipoperoxidation intensity in terms of primary, secondary and fi nal products of lipid peroxidation: diene conjugates, ketodienes and conjugated trines, Schiff bases in lipid extract), statistical. Positive dynamics of functional and biochemical activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in nasal washings in persons who underwent rhinosurgical intervention after ultrasound cavitation therapy is shown, which indicates the presence of qualitative and quantitative changes in neutrophilic granulocytes of nasal secretion, recorded in reactions of oxygen-dependent metabolism, free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection using the method ultrasound cavitation therapy in early postoperative period.

Being immunocompetent cells, mast cells at the same time have a number of properties characteristic of cells of the nervous system, which is why they are often viewed as key intermediaries between the integrating systems of the body. There is an increasing interest of the scientifi c community in the anti-infl ammatory activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Despite this, the question of the mechanisms of cholinergic regulation of mast cells has not been studied suffi ciently. As a model of mast cells, we used the HMC-1 human mast line cells. The results of our study showed that carbachol (Cch), a functional analog of acetylcholine, simultaneously exhibits properties of the histamine liberator and the suppressor of IgG-induced activation of mast cells. This dual eff ect of the neurotransmitter may indicate the presence of a cholinergic tone supporting the excitation of mast cells at a certain level. The modulating eff ect of Cch on the functional activity of HMC-1 cells is realized through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (n-AChR). The data obtained contribute to deepening the concept of the mechanisms of negative regulation of mast cells.

Based on CD45RA, CD62L, CD27 и CD28 expression several subsets of peripheral blood CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes were measured in patients with chronic sarcoidosis (n=46). The percentage of “non-eff ector” CD3+CD8+ subsets – “naïve” and central memory – were decreased in comparison with healthy control group (n=46), whereas the relative number of TEMRA cells was signifi cantly increased. Within EM subset percentage of EM1 cells was lower in sarcoidosis group, while among TEMRA the relative number of рЕ2 and mature eff ector cells were increased if compared with healthy control group. Thereby, our results indicate the intensifi cation of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes maturation in the lymphoid tissue under a constant antigenic stimulation.

An important role in carcinogenesis in both women and men is played by the immune system. With a high established classifi cation accuracy by the method of discriminant analysis was revealed that in women from married couples with HPV VKR the fi nal function allows to determine the prognosis of the eff ectiveness of the elimination of the virus after the treatment as a result of substituting the value of the functional reserve of neutrophils of cervical mucus in the function, while the fi nal result is compared with the values of centroids 1.163 and –0.263, i. e. at a higher value of the last HPV, stimulation is not detected (p <0.002). In men from married couples, when substituting in the analogous formula the functions of the absolute neutrophil viability, the functional reserve of the neutrophils of the ejaculate, and the viral load, the centroid values fi t into the values 11,700 and –1,003 and the HPV of stimulation is not detected at a higher value of the fi nal result (p <0.001).

A study of physiological and immunological parameters in rats aged 1 to 30 days, born from passively smoking Wistar rats, revealed a signifi cant lag in their somatic and sensorimotor development. In rats born from females exposed to passive smoking, there was a decrease in the mass of the thymus, spleen, and splenocytes.

Children of 6–17 years old with diff erent activity of juvenile idiopathic arthritis were examined: 74 with active arthritis and 14 with remission were treated with disease modifying therapy, 12 children with persistent remission and 32 apparently healthy children were without medications. The amount of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, СD3+СD4–СD8–, СD3+СD4+СD8+, СD3+СD16/56+, СD3+СD4+СD25+СD127low/neg and СD3+СD4+СD25+СD127+ were investigated by fl ow cytometry. In all children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis the number regulatory T-cells (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low/neg) and double-positive lymphocytes (СD3+СD4+СD8+) was decreased. The amount of NKT (СD3+СD16/56+) in patients with active arthritis and with remission was too decreased.

The article presents an assessment of the systemic level of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin- 4, interleukin-10, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor-1 type in patients with posttraumatic osteomyelitis and uncomplicated mandible fractures. The study identifi ed indicators of the system of Pro-and anti-infl ammatory cytokines, indicating their signifi cant role in the immunopathogenesis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible. Identifi cation of additional markers for the diagnosis of posttraumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-10), the defi nition of which at the beginning of therapy and the dynamics of its implementation will allow for a more personalized approach to the management of this category of patients

The purpose of this work was to study the dependence of neutrophils respiratory burst from the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in patients with chronic endometritis and adnexitis. The study involved 89 women of reproductive age with chronic endometritis and adnexitis. As a control were examined 98 healthy women of a similar age range. The respiratory burst condition of blood neutrophils was examined using a chemiluminescent assay. Investigation of the NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity in neutrophils was carried out using the bioluminescent method. A high intensity of the respiratory explosion of neutrophils was detected in chronic endometritis that was determined by an increase in the synthesis of primary and secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS). In patients with chronic adnexitis a respiratory burst of neutrophils occurs in the imbalance of synthesis of primary and secondary ROS: with a reduced activity of NADPH-oxidase there was a high level of secondary ROS synthesis. Metabolism of neutrophils in women with infectious and infl ammatory diseases of the pelvic organs is characterized by a high level of lipid metabolism and NAD-dependent substrate fl ow between the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the amino acid exchange. A feature of neutrophil metabolism in chronic endometritis is the high activity of malate dehydrogenase. Characteristic features of neutrophil granulocyte metabolism in patients with chronic adnexitis are a decrease in the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis and NADP-dependent substrate fl ow between the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the amino acid exchange. The relationship between respiratory explosion rates and neutrophil metabolism in chronic endometritis refl ects the inhibitory eff ect of the anaerobic reaction of lactate dehydrogenase on the induced synthesis of primary ROS. The respiratory explosion of neutrophils in women with chronic adnexitis depends on the activity of NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, but with the pronounced eff ect of enzymes in the energy profi le. A characteristic feature of chronic adnexitis also is a stimulating eff ect on the synthesis of primary ROS activity of glutathione reductase. Determination of the metabolic regulation mechanisms of respiratory burst in neutrophils allows us to characterize the regulatory aspects of immunopathogenesis of infectious and infl ammatory diseases and can be the basis for the development of new methods of immunometabolic therapy.

Role of allergen-associated molecular patterns as possible factors in the development of cross-linking sensitization to allergens is described, and diff erent allergens, which may count for much before the choice of allergen-specifi c immunotherapy are elucidated in patients with asthma and other atopic allergic conditions.

Restoring of insulin-synthesizing cell pool by means of macrophage activity modulation can be a promising direction in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Modeling of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats (110 mg / kg of nicotinamide and 65 mg / kg of streptozotocin) caused a spontaneous compensatory increase in the number of extra islet insulin-producing cells up to 30 days, followed by a decrease in the number of these cells by 60 days without enhancing their functional activity. Modulation of macrophage activity with the administration of aminophthalhydrazide (2 mg / kg, 20 injections) to diabetic rats was accompanied by an increase in the number of the extra islet insulin-producing cells, the accumulation of insulin in all the studied groups of these cells, and a reduction in hyperglycemia.

The role of the independent eff ect of TCR-activation in the formation of small subpopulations of T-helpers (Treg, TCM, TEM, TEMRA) was studied. It was shown that under the conditions of TCR activation, cells were redistributed in favor of eff ector subpopulations (TEM, TEMRA), while the number of naive T cells and TCM decreased. What about Treg, it was demonstrated that TCR-activation of cells resulted in increased intracellular expression of FOXP3, HELIOS and CTLA-4. In general, the presence of the TCR-activator leads to an increase in the number of eff ector T-helpers, which is accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the level of suppressive Treg.

The paper presents the results of investigations of supernatants of the daily broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus to the defi nition of cytokine-like substances (INF-γ, INF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17a, TNF-α) by the method of enzyme immunoassay with the use of the “Cytokine” kits (St. Petersburg), as well as multiplex analysis using the BioRad immunofl uorescence test-systems (USA) and Multiplex (Luminex, USA). It was found that cytokine-like substances (IL-1Ra, IL-1β, TNFalfa and INF-γ) were detected in supernatants of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus by both methods (immunoenzyme and immunofl uorescent), whereas IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17a were determined only by immunofl uorescent method, but INF-α – only by enzyme immunoassay. It was noted that a part of the cytokine-like substances in a greater concentration were determined by the method of immunofl uorescence analysis (IL-1Ra, TNF-alfa), and also as INF-γ and IL-4 by the method of enzyme immunoassay.

The problem of frequently and long-term ill children suff ering from recurrent acute respiratory infections remains an urgent problem today. We have studied the structure of morbidity in young children, scientifi cally substantiated, developed and applied an algorithm for the formation of groups of children, often and rarely suff ering from respiratory infections, using a questionnaire-interview and criteria obtained during discrete-dynamic analysis, as well as on the basis of clinical and immunological studies. The possibility of using prognostic tables obtained during discrete-dynamic analysis to identify children at risk for the development of recurrent respiratory infections for further early prevention of recurrent respiratory infections and immunorehabilitation is shown

The polyfunctionality of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) is the result of the rich equipment of NGs by structures that respond subtly to changes in the extracellular environment and intracellular processes. At the present time there is a wave of publications that note the importance of the full participation of NG in the cascade of immunological reactions. Wherein the authors assign a key role to NG, both at the start-up and subsequent regulation and realization of the immune response. The existence of diff erent populations of NGs diff ering in the profi le of equipping with membrane antigens and exhibiting various functional possibilities is shown. The aim of this study was to study the eff ects of recombinant IFNα2b (rIFNα2b) on a non-transformed and experimentally transformed subpopulation CD16+CD66b+CD33+CD11b+NG in vitro of peripheral blood samples of conditionally healthy children. The expression level of the membrane NG receptors was determined by fl ow cytometry. The studied indicators of untransformed NG (control) and NG after incubation with rIFNα2b and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) were assessed. The immunoregulatory eff ect of rIFNα2b on the nontransformed phenotype CD16+CD66b+CD33+CD11b+NG and the immunomodulatory eff ects of rIFNα2b on the fMLP-transformed NG phenotype of peripheral blood of conditionally healthy children were established.

We presented the results of a comparative evaluation of the eff ect of secretory products of neutrophils previously exposed to simulated low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of natural and anthropogenic (technogenic) origin on the biofi lm-forming ability of microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity of persons using dental orthopedic constructions. It was established that electromagnetic radiation, both natural and technogenic, has a diff erentiated eff ect on the functioning of neutrophilic granulocytes. It manifests itself in the diff erentiated eff ect of these radiations on the processes of biofi lm formation of streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli and lactobacilli. The results obtained open the way for the development of measures for the prevention and correction of infectious processes in the oral cavity with the use of low-intensity EMR.

In work results of an experimental assessment of infl uence of peptid the containing substance and silicium and tsink the containing glicerogel on model of an infl uenzal infection are covered. Objects of research, white not purebred mice who in the period of infection, intranazalno received the above described substances according to the scheme. As a result, in the analysis of survival, at the initial stage, the best result was found in group of mice with peptid the containing substance.