Vol 20, No 2 (2017)

The embryonic and fetal tissues are more radiosensitive than the tissues of an adult organism. Therefore, intrauterine irradiation is a greater danger compared to irradiation in the postnatal period. A complex assessment of the functional state of the immune system was carried out in the period of the long-term effects of chronic radiation exposure in persons irradiated in utero and in early childhood. Various violations of the immune system are shown in persons irradiated in the antenatal period of development, compared with people irradiated in the postnatal period.

The purpose of research is the study of differences in the reactions of phagocytes of peripheral blood of patients with different lesion volume infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. The work was based on a study of the clinical and laboratory data of 44 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (29 patients were affected lung segment 1-3, 15 patients had tuberculosis 4 and lighter segments). The control group consisted of 25 healthy people. Used method - flow cytometry, Coulter*Epics*XL instrument (Beckman Coulter, USA). Evaluated absorbency peripheral blood phagocytes (monocytes and neutrophils), ability to oxidative exposure, the antigen-presenting and chemotactic functions. Statistical data analysis was performed using the «Microsoft Office Excel 2007" program and «Statistica For Windows v.6.1». It was found that the infiltrative tuberculosis 1-3 segments of the lung accompanied by an increase in the populations of monocytes and granulocytes which express the molecule CD11b adhesion. TB 4 or more segments of the lung is associated with an increase in the number of monocytes and granulocytes expressing CD11c, decrease monocyte production of superoxide anion. Immunological evaluation of lung volume criterion is the percentage of monocytes, producing superoxide anion.

The evaluation of the apoptotic death of lymphocytes among the inhabitants of the coastal villages of the Techa River exposed to long-term low-level irradiation was carried out. We analysed the number of lymphocytes in the stage of DNA fragmentation by the TUNEL method, the number of CD95⁺ lymphocytes in the blood and the levels of TNFα in serum. A statistically significant increase in serum TNFα was observed in persons exposed to chronic radiation exposure in the dose range from 0.08 to 4.23 Gy.

It has been established that, both in females and in males, 6 h of immobilization resulted in a pronounced suppression of the amount of PFC in the spleen. Preliminary blockade of opiate receptors led to the abolition of the effect of stress in both males and females. However, in males, the administration of one naloxone had no effect on the number of PFC, while in females, naloxone inhibited the formation of PFC by both relative and absolute indices.

Changes of immune parameters in children under conditions of industrial metals contamination were associated with a decrease in phagocytic activity, inhibition of CD4 and CD95 expression and an augmentation in the number of CD25⁺ and CD127^- lymphocytes, an increase in IgE content of total and specific IgG to aluminum, activation of synthesis of non-specific mediators of leukotrienes C4/D4/E4.

The article is devoted to the study of immunotropic action developed bicomponent probiotic drug bacilact in a soft medicinal form (based on tizol, eftiderm and silicontitaniumorganical glycerohydrogel) on quantitative changes of parameters of cellular immunity in the treatment of localized infected wound animal skin, caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, in particular, an increase in phagocytic activity of neutrophils of peripheral blood and peritoneal macrophages (average 2 times), increased the quantitative content of T - and B-lymphocytes (1.5-2 times). Studies to assess the immune status of experimental animals with localized purulent infection of the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which treatment the subjects performed gel preparations, allows to make a conclusion about their pronounced immunomodulatory properties on parameters of cellular immunity. More significant effects observed for drugs on the basis of bacilact containing tizol and silicontitaniumorganical glycerohydrogel.

Diabetes remains an urgent problem. According to WHO data the number of patients with Diabetum makes 3-5 %. The risk of development of postoperative infectious complications in patients with Diabe-tum is 5 times higher, than at patients without it. The research of hemotaksichesky activity of phagocytes in relation to a glucose and insulin is conducted. The revealed changes of locomotory reactions of phagocytes can demonstrate the blockade of the receptor device of neutrophils and monocytes developing in the conditions of a hyperglycemia.

In experiments in vitro and in vivo it was shown that a synthetic peptide of the active site of GM-CSF -ZP2 (chemical formula: THR NLE NLE ALA SER HIS TYR LYS GLN HIS CYS PRO) stimulates the activity of immune system (lymphocytes, stem cells, neutrophils, monocytes), inhibits the growth, reproduction and biofilm formation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and has antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses and activates a reparation of wounds. The presence at this synthetic peptide of such a wide range of immunological effects (immunostimulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and repair activity) determines the possibility of its use as the basis for creation of new effective medicinal and cosmetic preparations with combined properties that was realized at creation of ACEGRAM.

To evaluate IgAs, IL-6 and IFN-γ in nasal fluid in transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) 15 children at the age 6 months to 4 years with THI, 30 children with recurrent respiratory infections and 16 healthy persons at the same age were studied. There has been registered a decrease in IgAs and IFN-γ and an increase in IL-6 in THI as compared to healthy children and sufferers of recurrent respiratory infections with no THI. Received data may be interesting for our understanding immunoregulation of antibody synthesis and inflammation in THI.

An experiment is conducted on 20 adult rabbits in order to clarify the role of immune cells in the reparative regeneration of skin in conditions of purulent-infected wounds. Understanding the role of immune cells in the regeneration processes in the wound and the formation of scar tissue may may contribute to search for new approaches to therapy-related effects on the immune mechanisms for the prevention of scarring.

The aim of the current study was to investigate cell mechanisms by means of which the "Cytovir-3", the drug for prevention and treatment of the influenza and acute respiratory viral infection, exerts its pharmacological effects. As a cellular model, an endothelial EA.hy926 as well as mononuclear leukocytes (ML) of human peripheral blood were chosen. The effects of co-incubation of "Cytovir-3" and cell lines on IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression were evaluated. In the presence of "Cytovir-3" at concentration of 10.0 ng/ml and 1.0 ng/ml, we found a significant increase in spontaneous secretion of IL-8 by endothelial cells by 10 % and 15 % accordingly. Besides, at concentration of 10.0 ng/ml the investigating drug significantly enhanced the expression level of ICAM-1 induced by TNFa. Revealed stimulating action of "Cytovir-3" on endothelial cells and ML can suggest its influence on vascular component of inflammatory reaction.

Influence of intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitor (VEGF-A) for aged-related macular degeneration treatment on tear fluid immune status, which was evaluated by multiplex analysis with assay of BasicFGF, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, INF-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL- 2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNF- a, VEGF was studied. The study showed that given treatment result in a significant decrease in BasicFGF, Eotaxin, IL-13, TNF-α levels in tear fluid in one month.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of nanosized metal particles obtained in the laboratory from the surface of Nobel Biocare dental implants with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the presence of native and heat inactivated human serum. In vitro experiments it was established that when nanoparticles were added to test samples of native sera, the accumulated biomass of S. aureus and E. coli was increased by 8.1-8.3 % in broth culture and P aeruginosa by 42.9 % in Comparison of control, indicating that they inhibited the bactericidal effect of the complement system. In addition, the potentiating effect of native serum on biofilm formation of bacteria on the surface of nanoparticles was recorded. Possible immunological consequences of interaction in the system "nanoparticle-whey protein-bacteria in the process of osseointegration" are discussed.

Conducted the expedition in the town of Nadym in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district (April, 2015). We examined 30 women, aged 40-64 living in the city of Nadym in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. Immunological studies conducted in the laboratory of physiology of immunocompetent cells of the Institute of physiology of natural adaptations, VICKIE RAS, Arkhangelsk. In the peripheral blood were determined: the concentration of the phenotypes of lymphocytes CD16⁺, CD25⁺, CD71⁺, CD95⁺, HLADR⁺, the total number of leukocytes. The surveyed women in the city of Nadym in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district finds a reduction in the reserve capacity of the immune homeostasis due to the increased cytotoxic activity (CD16⁺) and apoptosis (CD95⁺) 56,66±2,49 and of 36,66±2,00 %, respectively.

The article contains the results of the morphological investigations when subcutaneously transplanting two types of the elastin biomaterial: structurized and dispersed one (patent № 2440148). The experiments have been carried out on Wistar rats (n=59). The transplanted biomaterials were subjected to the stage-by-stage resorption with further formation of the connective tissue regenerate. When doing it, the cells of the macrophagal and fibroblastic differentiation come out as a unified morphofunctional system in which giant multinuclear cells are an indispensable element. Depending on the biomaterial structure there are singled out two histotopographic types of the replacement regeneration: frontal type for the structurized biomaterial and diffuse-locunar one for the dispersed biomaterial.

To investigate the effect of local application of erythropoietin (EPO) in the composition of transdermal film (TDF) on the death's indicators of lymphocytes in the blood in dynamics of experimental thermal trauma (TI). The experiment was made out on 90 white nonlinear rats that were divided into groups: 1 - intact rats; 2 - animals with the TI and an aseptic bandage (n=40), 3 - animals with the TI application of the TDF with EPO (n=40). Modeling TI IIIA degree and area of 3.5 % was carried out by immersing the interscapular region of the skin of the animal in clean water with a temperature of 98-99°C 12 s. In the preliminary studies was developed TDP on the basis of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with EPO at the dose of 500 IU/g. The dressing was carried out daily. The stady was conducted for 3rd, 5th, 8th and 14th days. Death's indicators of lymphocytes was assessed by staining cells with fluorochrome conjugated with annexin V and 7-aminoantipyrine D in flow cytometer "Navios". It is established that at TI at 3, 5 and 8 day increase in the number of lymphocytes with the phenotype of the Annexin-5-FITC⁺/7-AAD^- and Annexin-5-FITC⁺/7-AAD⁺, 5 and 8 day reduced the number of lymphocytes with the phenotype of the Annexin-5-FITC^-/7-AAD^-. In the application of TDF with the EPO at the TI for 5 and 14 days reduced the number of lymphocytes with the phenotype of the Annexin-5-FITC⁺/7-AAD^-, 8 and 14 days, reduced the number of Annexin-5-FITC⁺/7-AAD⁺ cells at 5 and 14 days increased lymphocytes Annexin-5-FITC^-/7-AAD^-. Thus, in TT the application of TDP with EPO leads to a decrease in blood lymphocytes with signs of apoptosis and necrosis.

Children of 6-17 years old with systemic lupus erithematosus (n=10), with systemic sclerosis (n=10), with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=47) and conditionally healthy controls of corresponding age (n=30) were examined. It was revealed by flow cytometry that after 24-hours incubation (37 °C, 5 % СО₂) the spontaneous and anti-СD3-stimulated amount of СD38-positive T-lymphocytes, T-helpers and cytotoxic T-cells in children with rheumatic diseases was decreased in comparison with healthy control.

The clinical laboratory efficacy of the drug "Timogen^®" (glutamyl-tryptophan) in the treatment of hospital pneumonia in patients with weight deficit was evaluated. Eighty-four patients with hospital pneumonia and objective signs of weight deficit were examined. Patients were randomized into two groups: 40 people received standard etiopathogenetic therapy and 44 patients used "Timogen^®" metered dose nasal spray as a supplement to standard therapy. The drug was administered in the acute period of the disease in a daily dose of 100 mcg a 7-day course. The application of the "Timogen^®" was accompanied by statistically and clinically significant reduction in the duration of the main clinical signs of the underlying disease, normalization of structural and functional parameters of the immune system and restoration of nutritional status.

Successful performing of dental implantation is one of the major aims of dentistry. Surgery induces violation of the integrity of the mucosa, activation of the mucosal immunity, reparation and regulation processes, that can be measured by levels of IgM, IgG, sIgA and also IL-φ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α on the local or systemic level. Some antibiotics and phytotherapy can be applied to prevent potential onset of postoperative complications. Differences in its efficiency and action on the mucosal immunity can be measured with comparative assay of the features of the local immunity in the saliva of patients before dental implantation and after applying the therapies. Application of antibiotics leads to decreasing activity of pathogenic microorganisms and reparative potential of the mucosa cells, that is manifested in statistically significant reduction of the IgG and increased IgM and sIgM levels, whereas phytotherapy enhances activity of the immune system due to stimulation of marked increase in the level of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the patients' saliva.

On the model of experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs to study the effect of amino acid arginine on the course of the tuberculosis process. Experiments were carried out on 75 guinea pigs and 25 rats (weighing 200-250 g). To reproduce experimental tuberculosis, a museum strain of mycobacteria was used at the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis H37Rv, 1993. Groups of animals: 3 groups of guinea pigs of 25 pcs. (Healthy control, infected with ILW and infected with ILT, receiving arginine daily 10 mg / kg body weight of the animal for a month) and 2 groups of rats of 25 pieces (healthy control, infected with ILW and infected with MBT). Determined in the blood nitrites and nitrates, total lipid peroxides by ELISA Biomedica GRUPPE and R & D Systems. Results. In animals lacking resistance to tuberculosis infection, increased plasma levels of nitric oxide derivatives caused by the use of arginine is an unfavorable factor contributing to the progression of tuberculosis.

The study of blood cell counts and analysis of their changes in wrestlers and boxers made it possible to reveal special features of the population and subpopulation spectrum of lymphocytes in wrestlers and boxers of different qualifications. The sportsmen of power sports with anaerobic metabolism (wrestlers and boxers a significant decrease in the general population of T-lymphocytes) occured due to a decrease in circulation of main subpopulations of T cells: T-helper and T-cytotoxic. There were also a decrease in number of cells with adhesion receptors (CD11b), the number of B-lymphocytes and cells bearing apop-tosis readiness markers (CD95), opposite to elevated cell count with lymphocytes early positive activation(CD25) markers. An increase in cell number with receptors for interleukin-2 (CD25) with parallel decrease in the number of hematopoietic cell precursors and the main subpopulations of lymphocytes (T, B lymphocytes) is considered to be a reflection of the negative impact of intense speed-strength anaerobic regimen on immune system, and possible may be resulted in immunodeficiency in these athletes. The immune status of athletes going in for acyclic sports is characterized by marked cytopenia of relative and absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes, both T-helper and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, and also CD16 and CD56 positive cells, belonging to congenital immunity factors, and also B lymphocytes (CD20), compared to sportmen groups of skiers and swimmers, and that reflects a decrease in intensity of immunopoiesis in anaerobic type of energy metabolism, and considered to be a significant factor, affecting immune system quality reaction and T- and B-cell cooperation reaction.

This work highlights the flow cytometry data about the level of several regulatory T cell (Treg) subpopulations in inflammatory diseases: acute pancreatitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The comparative clinical efficacy and safety of drugs "Citovir^®-3" powder for oral solution, "Citovir^®-3" syrup and "Immunal^®" oral solution in the treatment of influenza and ARVI in children were examined in the prospective clinical trial. Ninety children aged 2 to 6 years with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections of unknown etiology were included in the trial in accordance with inclusion criteria. All patients were randomized into 3 groups, each of which received one of the comparative drugs as a means of etiopathogenetic therapy. The investigational drugs were used in the age-specific dosage variances as outlined in patient information leaflet. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the efficacy of the investigational dosage forms of the "Citovir^®-3" (powder and syrup) against influenza and other ARVI exceeded the efficacy of the comparative drug "Immunal^®" in the speed of normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The "Citovir^®-3" (powder and syrup) contributes to statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in the duration of the febrile period and some catarrhal symptoms in comparison with "Immunal^®" in influenza and ARVI. "Citovir^®-3" (powder and syrup) facilitates the raise of secretory IgA production in the nasopharynx. All the investigational drugs were characterized as well tolerated. No adverse events or adverse drug reactions were found during the trial. Given the clinical and laboratory efficacy and safety profile of "Citovir^®-3" (powder and syrup) they can be recommended for their inclusion in the treatment of children with influenza and ARVI.

In healthy people, it has been established the possibility of induction of early and late apoptosis of T-lym-phocytes proliferated in vitro under physiological conditions through the transfer of both the cellular and humoral components of an autologous apoptotic T cell culture. It was determined that under equal conditions of cultivation of lymphocytes: a high cell density and a depletion of the culture medium, the transfer of components of the cells stimulated by anti-CD3 antibodies regularly increased the sensitivity of T-lymphocytes to apoptosis. While transfer of components of the culture with the dexamethasone exerted a modulating effect.

In children with chronic diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract associated with Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter pylori association with fungi of the genus Candida, study of the receptor apparatus (adhesion, to the components of complement-CR 3, Fc fragment of Ig G and activation markers) and phagocytic activity of neutrophils. The identified differentiated characteristics of the phagocytic activity and immunophenotype in Helicobacter pylori infection and association with fungi of the genus Candida. Mannoproteins circulating antigen of Candida albicans affects the immunophenotype of neutrophils, inducing the expression of proapoptotic and reducing the expression of adhesion receptors and cytolysis.

Beta-endorphin is a compound of peptide nature with a high regulatory activity on the immune system. The existence of long-term immunoregulatory effects of beta-endorphin is of great interest.This work describes the beta-endorphin effects on the corticosterone levels in plasma, as well as the production of key regulatory cytokines by murine splenocytes and macrophages. The dependence of the beta-endorphin effects from the used dose and exposure time was shown.

The purpose of the study have developed a new method of preoperative prediction delayed the formation of a bone block in spinal osteosynthesis external fixation device. The study included 111 patients with vertebral fractures with external fixation osteosynthesis, of whom 16 people were slow fusion of the bone tissue. We investigated the immunophenotyping lymphocyte, functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils, the concentration of the major cytokines and antagonists of their receptors. Determined that preoperative lymphocyte 2,4x10⁹/liter and more associated with slow bone consolidation in more than 85 % of the cases investigated.

In the research we have analyzed of the cytokine profile of mixed saliva of patients with complicated fractures of the mandible. Studied the levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their dynamics in the treatment process with the conventional schemes and additional treatment with recombinant IL-1β. Indicators of the level of cytokines (Il-1-β, IL-2, Il-4, Il-8, Il-10, and TNFα) in mixed saliva were determined before treatment and 10-12 days of therapy. The study identified the initial increase of proinflammatory cytokines IL-β and IL-8 in all patients, which may indicate the tension of the local immunity in response to trauma. Patients receiving additional immunotherapy, these parameters returned to normal, and level of TNFa was increased, suggesting a high adaptive capacity of the local level of the immune system at use of Betaleukin.

In a research the analysis of features of fagotsitarny ability of monocyte-derived cells of marrow and monocytes of peripheral blood at offspring of females of rats with chronic damage of a liver of toxic genesis with use of microspheres of latex and golden staphylococcus is made (St. aureus). The research has been conducted on white laboratory rats and their posterity during various periods of post-natal ontogenesis. Toxic damage of a liver was modelled by introduction of tetrachloride carbon to mature females. Estimated absorbing ability of cages of a monocyte-derived sprout of marrow and monocytes of peripheral blood. In a monolayer of cages calculation of a fagotsitarny indicator and fagotsitarny index was made. In the course a research oppression of absorbing and Killing activity of cages of a monocyte-derived sprout of marrow and monocytes of peripheral blood of experimental animals is established.

It has been found that excessive contamination by the phenol in blood of the women of the observation group is associated with: an increase of the relative and absolute CD127^- content in comparison to the norm and the control group parameters; a decrease of the absolute and relative CD95⁺ lymphocytes content relative to the norm and control group. Simultaneously, the C/T genotype of the FAS C14405T gene under conditions of increased phenol content in the blood of women having reproductive disorders significantly enhances the risk of an increase of the relative content of CD127^- lymphocytes, which modifies the mechanisms of apoptosis that play a key role in physiological course of the gestational process.

The antibiotiko produktivnost given on studying and an antibiotiko rezistentnost of pro-biotic strains of bacteria of the sort Bacillus, and studying of effect of combined use of antibiotics and probiotics are presented in article. During the conducted researches patrimonial resistance of bacteria of the sort Bacillus to a tseftazidim, an aztreonam, a colistin and specific stability of B. cereus and B. licheniformis 31 to penicillin, a tsefiksim, a tsefepim, B. subtilis 534 to Chloramfenicolum is established. At the same time the maximal antagonistic activity is registered concerning S. aureus. The most fissile antagonist is B. subtilis 534, and the least fissile B. cereus IP 5832. Studying of effect of combined use in the conditions of in vitro allows to judge the prospect of sharing of B. subtilis 534 and B. subtilis 3 with penicillin, B. licheniformis 31 and tsefiksimy in relation to S. aureus, B. licheniformis 31 with penicillin concerning S. aureus, B. subtilis 534 and B. cereus with tsefiksimy - S. aureus and S. enteritidis, respectively.

The aim of study was to evaluate the role of chemokines and growth factors in the development of idiopathic infertility. In serum and seminal plasma of the infertile men the deficit and the imbalance of stromal cell factors SDF-1α and transforming growth factor TGFβ, spermatogenesis and modulators of the immune response in the reproductive system are identified. Possible mechanisms for the negative impact of the identified features of the cytokine profile on the fertilizing capacity of sperm were discussed.

The levels of sIgA, CagA, IL-17, sIgE-to H.pylori and to CagA have been analyzed by ELISA in the samples of coprofiltrates, taken from children with allergy and concomitant gastrointestinal diseases. Anti-H. pylori and anti-CagA sIgE have been elevated in groups of patients with allergic diseases in combination with chronic gastroduodenitis and among children with erosive and ulcerous leisons, being the most significant among the last group. Non-allergic patients with chronic gastroduodenitis were characterized by the highest concentration of IL-17 and sIgA, which was associated with the confirmed H.pylori infection. Our data demonstrates that sIgE to H.pylori, together with sIgA, represent a part of protective mechanisms during the H.pylori -assosiated gastrointestinal pathology.

The influence of intravascular laser therapy on the immune status and free radical oxidation processes in patients with chronic recurrent herpesvirus infection. Laser exposure parameters: wavelength 635 nm, continuous mode, power density 0.12 mW / cm², exposure 8 minutes, the number of procedures is 10. In the course of the study, it was established that in patients with chronic recurrent herpes viral infection, the parameters of the neutrophilic granulocyte test are increased, the phagocytic activity decreases, the serum level of interleukin-2 decreases, and the levels of all categories of lipid peroxidation products in the blood serum increase. The detected immunological and biochemical disorders were successfully corrected by a complex of therapeutic measures using the intravascular laser irradiation method

Investigation of CD39 and CD73 expression on interstitial cells of calcified aortic valves of 31 patients was performed. Not significant increase (p=0,45) of CD39^-CD73⁺ in cells from tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) comparing with bicuspid valves (BAV) was shown. Only from female patient's valves the difference became significant (BAV - 23,67 (19,43;29,80)%; TAV - 59,34 (49,17;69,55)% (p=0,002)). These data proves the hypotheses of purinergic signaling involvement in calcification suggesting that it is sex related process.

The aim of the work was to describe the nature of various orofascial manifestations of primary immunodeficiency in patients in the register of the Sverdlovsk Region in comparison with data from literature sources. As a result of the study, it was possible to trace the significant correspondence of the detected pathological manifestations with identical PID groups. The most common signs can be called retention of baby teeth, candidiasis of the oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, multiple caries in combination with manifestations of primary immunodeficiency in other organs and systems.

The aim of our study was to study local immunity factors in pregnant women with and without morphologically verified intrauterine infection and to identify changes that can mark its implementation during pregnancy. We established that local immunity in pregnant women with intrauterine infection had increased proinflammatory capacity of cervical mucus at one hand and on the other hand had functional activity reduction in particular innate immunity factors.

Studied the effect of lectin Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus on cytokine profile of mice during the process of phagocytosis in vitro. Presented studies indicate lectin-specific interaction with surface structures of peritoneal macrophages and has allowed to establish that the lectin of L. delbrueckii ssp. bul-garicus in a greater degree caused induction of the synthesis of interleukin-1α by phagocytes.

In this article the frequency of toll-like receptor 1 gene 1805T>G single nucleotide polymorphism in Tatars of Chelyabinsk Region has been compared with some Eurasian populations. The genotyping of the South Ural Tatars on the toll-like receptor 1 gene 1805T>G was conducted for the first time. Obtained data can be used for the further study of the infection response in different populations.

Patients Rea identified changes in the levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma before and after the appointment of therapy potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as indicators of clinical, inflammatory, and functional activity. The use of artrofoon provide significant reduction of Pro-inflammatory cytokines and normalisation of anti-inflammatory.

The article presents the results of comparative analysis of cytokinemia (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα) in various autoimmune diseases: autoimmune thyroiditis, valvular heart disease, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, reactive arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic glomerulonephritis with end-stage renal disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. Severity of cytokine response was maximal in systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic glomerulonephritis. The greatest deviations from normal values in these autoimmune diseases were observed in TNFα and IL-8 levels.

The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on apoptosis and production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 by isolated pools of natural T-regulatory lymphocytes (nTreg, CD4⁺CD25^bright) and precursors of adaptive Treg (aTreg, CD4⁺CD25^-) in the in vitro system was studied. As a result, we demonstrated that HCG induces apoptosis of nTreg and interferes with aTreg apoptosis, without affecting the production of IL-10 and TGF-β1 by these cells.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the state of the body's antioxidant systems using Western-blot enzyme immunoassay in tears for peroxedoxin-6 (PRDX6) proteins and / or fragments of its disintegration as a marker of protection against oxidative stress in patients with age and diabetic cataracts. Patients and methods. 136 patients (136 eyes) with cataract of various genesis were examined. The control group was represented by 25 volunteers who did not have eye diseases (50 eyes). Two groups of patients were examined. The first group included 78 patients with age-related cataracts. The second group included 58 patients with diabetic complicated cataract. The material of the study was fluids of the tear fluid the of the anterior chamber of patients with cataracts. To determine the active peroxedoxin-6 (PRDX6) and / or its degradation fragments, a Western-blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. The expression of enzymes of protection against oxidative stress in samples of tear fluid was studied and a comparative evaluation of the level of activity of lactic acid antioxidant enzymes in oxidative stress after cataract surgery was given. Results. In the postoperative period in patients with age-related cataracts, the increase in the level of PRDX6 is determined, which is confirmed by the absence of complications of FEC. With a complicated cataract, the PRDX6 content is 6 times lower than in patients with age-related cataracts. Conclusion. If there is an active peroxiredoxin 6 in the lacrimal fluid and / or fragments of its decay, age-related cataracts are diagnosed, and this corresponds to a high level of protection against oxidative stress. In such patients, the postoperative period proceeds favorably. In the absence of active peroxiredoxin-6 and / or fragments of its decay in the lacrimal fluid, the presence of cataract due to diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. In the study of anterocameral fluid, a marker of development of metabolic disturbances in complicated cataracts and a 45 kDa transporter of hydrophobic compounds of the family of Sec-14p-like proteins was revealed in patients of group 2. Cataracts are considered diabetic, and in the postoperative period, the risk of developing PEER increases. The use of the method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the choice of cataract treatment tactics.

The analysis of interrelations between cytokines and immunological indices of cervical mucus with transient and persistent HPV infection was carried out. With transient HPV infection, the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is maintained. With persistent HPV infection for 6 months, activation of local protective reactions aimed at involving effector cells in the pathogen elimination process was noted. With persistent HPV infection for 12 months, there is a change in the direction of immunological regulation towards anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Metabolites of clinical cultures Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacteroides spp. significantly inhibited in vitro basal secretion by peritoneal macrophages (MF) of nitric oxide (NO) mice. In contrast, metabolites of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Propionibacterium spp. moderately stimulated the NO secretion. The overall effect of the metabolites influence of intestinal microsymbionts on the functional activity of MF will be determined by their qualitative and quantitative composition in the human intestine eubiosis and dysbiosis.

Currently, infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are an important medical problem. Their treatment is extremely difficult because of the broad antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. Objective: to study the effect of immunization with a recombinant antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the concentration of cytokines in the serum of mice. Materials and methods. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant 25 μg OprF and 50 μg of toxoid. The cytokine responses of mice were monitored by using flow cytometry analysis at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immunization («FlowCytomix Mouse Th1/Th2 10 plex»). Results. The dynamics of the cytokine levels in the sera of mice was revealed: after 4 hours IL-1α, IL-5; 8 hours later, Π,-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and Th17/Th21/Th22 cytokines-IL-17A and IL-22 and IL-21; 24 hours later, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-a and IFN-γ. Conclusion. Candidate vaccine against Pseudomo-nas aeruginosa based on the recombinant proteins OprF and aTox activates both cellular and humoral immune system with induction of Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses.

Aim of this study is researching the biological and mechanical features of the material, made of ultra-high-molecular-weight-poly-ethylene(UHMWPE) Studing the mechanical features showed that the material prepared with addition of Al₂O₃ and with using mechanical activation has the highest mechanical features, wear resistance in particular, in comparison with UHMWPE samples without Al₂O₃ or prepared without mechanical activation. was chosen for. After 60 days orthotopical transplantation this material in rats we did not fined signs of inflammation, cellular infiltration, destruction of material or bone-cartilage defect. Sample was in position of implantation without any shifts. Acquired data shows the perspective-ness of UHMWPE as a material for creating bioimplants for cartilage defects replacement.