Vol 22, No 2-1 (2019)

The study of the dynamics of the immune system parameters in men of working age with an isolated fracture of the femur in the early post-traumatic period showed the formation of an immunosuppressive background, due to an increase in the circulation of T-regulatory cells. The use of ozone therapy in the form of small autohemotherapy reduces the manifestations of immunosuppression by reducing the number of T-regulatory cells in the bloodstream against the background of an increase in the number of natural killer cells, which will make it possible to reduce the number of infectious complications.

The medicines of monoclonal antibody which are successfully applied in clinical practice to treatment of oncological diseases are result of scientific achievements of biotechnology developments and researches in the field of molecular immunology. However, despite efficiency of use of the specified biotherapeutic drugs, remains many unresolved questions evolving when developing new medicines from recombinant proteins and at their clinical use. It is connected with the choice of a target antigen taking into account carcinogenesis mechanisms when developing medicine, comprehensive assessment of qualitative characteristics of recombinant protein, providing appropriate conditions of production, assessment of safety of a clinical use connected, first of all, with manifestations of «undesirable» immunogenicity of medicine.

Microvesicles has a signifi cant potential as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker including reproductive pathologies. In this paper shown that an elevated level of microvesicles in women’s follicular fluid is associated with the age, the duration of infertility and clinical pregnancy.

The patterns of coinfection, which extend to coinfection of HIV/HCV, make it expedient to test the hypothesis about the impact of the order of viral pathogens admission into host for the development of the infectious process. It was found that this factor has a significant impact on the course of liver fibrosis, the viral load of HIV and HCV, the state of the immune response. In cases where HIV infection develops before hepatitis C virus infection, liver fibrosis often takes a progressive course, the viral load of HIV is reduced, and HCV load increases, CD8+ T-lymphocytes and immunoregulatory index values become lower.

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of broncho-pulmonary system affecting all age groups, and is a global public health problem. The prevalence of food allergies among patients with asthma varies widely, which determines the relevance of the study. The results of studying the spectrum of sensitization to food allergens are given, and the peculiarities of food allergy in children with bronchial asthma living in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are determined.

Materials on the eff ect of the supernatants of the associations of bifi dobacteria on the antilysozyme activity of microorganisms are presented. An increase in the antilysozyme activity was detected in the lactosopositive non-hemolytic strains of E. coli isolated during human intestinal eubiosis, and, conversely, a decrease in hemolytic E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans isolated in dysbiosis. The available materials contribute to the study of the mechanisms of formation of microsymbiosis in the associative symbiosis of humans and contribute to the identifi cation of strains of bifi dobacteria, suitable as pro- and metabiotics.

The horse anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) were obtained on the base of 2 mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for two morphine derivatives – 3-0-carboxymethyl (CMM) and 6-hemisuccinyl (GSM). Immunization of rabbits and mini-pigs with Ab2 led to the formation of tertiary antibodies (Ab3). It was found that Ab2 antibodies have morphine-like properties, i. e. stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured human glioblastoma cells of the T98G line, which expresses a significant amount of opioid receptors on cell membrane. The addition of Ab3 antibodies to the System in vitro led to the abolition of the stimulating effect.

The study presents the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with bronchial asthma, which had administrated with standard therapy and T-cell immunotherapy. After cell therapy, it was shown an improvement of external breath function, an increase in the number of CD8+ lymphocytes, a decrease in CD19+ cell subset, as well as a reducing of IgE level in the atopic form of the disease. All together it indicates the eff ectiveness of cell therapy. In patients with standard therapy, there was no change of investigated parameters in dynamics.

Bronchial asthma is a classic, antigen-specific disease, in the formation of which the reagin-dependent type of allergic reaction is crucial. The combined use of interval hypoxitherapy and enteral oxygen therapy has proven to be an eff ective method for improving immunological reactivity in patients with bronchial asthma. A significant increase in the content of IgA in the blood led to increased antimicrobial and antiviral immunity. The decrease in the content of IgE in the blood can be seen as a manifestation of a decrease in the chronic infl ammatory process in the bronchial tree of patients and an increase in anti-infective immunity. A significant increase in the content of T-lymphocytes led to an improvement in cellular and humoral immunity and a decrease in immuno-regulatory index.

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are not very common in the population, but can be a serious problem for patients and physicians. Diagnosis of this disorder should consist of a complex of clinical and laboratory methods. A promising method of in vitro diagnostics is the basophil activation test. The study showed the high diagnostic significance of this test in determining hypersensitivity to radiocontrast media and local anesthetics. The presence of in vitro hypersensitivity to drugs can be latent in nature and manifest itself clinically only if the regulatory capabilities are impaired.

The regulatory mechanisms of systemic infl ammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not well understood. The aim is to establish the features of immunosuppressive reactions in COPD patients. The study included 112 patients with stable mild-to-severe COPD and 32 healthy volunteers. Cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and T-regulatory cell (Treg) number were determined using fl ow cytometry. A decrease in Treg number has been foundinsevere COPD. The mechanism of this process may be their competitive interaction with T helper (Th) 17 cells, which is mediated by IL-6action. Ultimately, it contributes to Th17/Treg disbalance and the switching of Th1 immune response to Th17, leading to worsening COPD.

The aim of the work was to elucidate the features of collagen 1A1 mRNA expression in uterine leiomyoma. It was found that the high level of collagen synthesis is associated with rapidly increase of leiomyoma size, more frequently noted in small tumors with minimal proliferative activity. Thus, the activity of tissue fi broblasts defi nes the features of tempo and character growth of uterine leiomyoma.

The paper discusses the role of a genetically determined imbalance in the cytokine network in assessing the eff ectiveness of platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. The frequency of functional polymorphisms of the cytokine IL-1β (T-31C), TNFα (G-308A), IL-10 (G-592A) genes was determined by qRT-PCR in control and in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. We studied the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of the IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10 genes in patients with OC in groups with relapses within a year after platinum-containing chemotherapy and without recurrence. The alleles -308G TNFα, -31T IL-1β, -592A IL-10 were found to be associated with disease progression or recurrence within 1 year after completion of treatment.

The data on the state of the functional metabolic status-neutrophilic granulocytes in washes from the skin surface aff ected by S. aureus after therapy with incoherent monochromatic light with a wavelength of 450±10 nm are presented. The results of the study showed that in patients with staphylococcal lesions of the skin a violation of phagocytic activity, oxygen-dependent metabolism in the NBT-test is recorded. The use of light with a wavelength of 450±10 nm helps to reduce the infl ammatory response, edema, and restore the functional potential of neutrophilic granulocytes.

The leading role of Thymus in adoptive immunity development was established 50 years ago. Nevertheless T-cells immunity monitoring in clinical immunology is now testing of growing number of “immune periphery” items disregarding thymus as a central T-immunity organ. We showed that T-cells rearrangement excision circles (TREC) could be the important chain in thymus and peripheral T-cells function assessment in adult and aged healthy donors and rheumatoid arthritis patients. It will create the possibility to form more complex “in vivo” monitoring of thymus activity in autoimmunity.

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapy and prevention of atherosclerosis. It is known that MPO is an independent predictor of complications of cardiovascular pathologies, including secondary myocardial infarction. For developing an enzyme-linked immunoassay, we obtained monoclonal antibodies against MPO (clone 2F7), which, interacted with MPO according to the electrostatic principle according to the results of surface plasmon resonance analysis. When antibodies were immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated agarose, the resulting sorbent selectively bound MPO at 0.15 M NaCl. The elution of MPO was provided by 1 M NaCl (pH 7.4), which did not disrupt the properties of the prosthetic heme group. When analyzing the sorption of MPO from plasma samples, the dissociation constant about 0.07 nM was determined. Given that the pathological concentration of MPO exceeds 0.15 nM, the resulting sorbent can be a prototype of a hemosorbent for MPO.

We studied the levels of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene in the blood serum of lung cancer patients and healthy donors by direct ELISA. It was shown that antibody levels between these groups was statistically signifi cantly different. Based on these results, a quantify antibodies immunoassay in the human serum was developed using a multiplex method.

The study showed the role of the gene HLA-G 3’UTR in the development of congenital malformations of conotruncus. The study included 14 children with tetralogy of Fallot and 103 healthy children. HLAG 3’UTR typing was performed by amplification of polymorphic gene sites by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in accordance with the manufacturer’s Protocol (Applied Biosystems, USA), with further detection of results in polyacrylamide gel. The study found that in the group of children with a tetralogy of Fallot homozygous genotype HLA-G 3’UTR14-bp ins/ins met statistically significantly more often than in the control group.

At present, in spite of a considerable number of studies, the questions of studying the polymorphisms of genes associated with the regulation of immune homeostasis in allergic diseases remain relevant. The aim of the work included the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of variations in the interferongamma and interleukin-4 genotypes in children with asthma and healthy peers. As a result of the study, a signifi cant prevalence of the heterozygous variant of the IL-4 gene was found in the group of healthy children and the peer group with BA, the haplotype CC prevails in healthy peers. When analyzing the genetic variation of the IFNγ gene, a protective eff ect was revealed in the haplotype of TT and the heterozygous variant of AT in relation to the risk of developing bronchial asthma. The results of the study allow us to recommend haplotype TT as a protective marker for the development of allergic BA. The studies established the predictor signifi cance of polymorphisms of the IFNγ and IL-4 genes in children with bronchial asthma.

The article presents the results of the preclinical study of the immunocorrective properties of the total ethanol extract from the raw material of the medicinal plant of the traditional medicine of Siberia – Coluria geoides (Pall.) Ledeb.), Rosaceae. The eff ect of extract on the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and the main indicators of the humoral immune response (the number of antibody-forming cells of the spleen and the synthesis of anti-erythrocyte antibodies) were evaluated on a model of experimental immunodefi ciency in inbred mice. Extract from raw materials C. geoides showed a pronounced immunomodulatory eff ect, in some parameters superior to the eff ect of offi cinal tincture of Echinacea.

The state of factors of antimicrobial resistance in the secretions of the genital tract, and the immunoneutralizing ability of the urogenital microfl ora of healthy and infertile patients were investigated. Differences in the studied features are used as predictors of infertility.

Genital endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, the etiology of which is not known. Given the high prevalence of HPV among women of reproductive age, as well as the development of endometriosis mainly in the same age group, we can assume the participation of HPV in the formation of features of systemic immunity in this disease. The results of the study showed the presence of HPV in 13 (18,8%) women with 1–2 stages of endometriosis and in 22 (24,4%) – with 3–4 stages of endometriosis. In the presence of HPV in women with 1–2 stages of endometriosis, it was established: an increase in the relative number of T-NK lymphocytes, a decrease in IL-2, IL-6 and an increase in serum IL-4, TNFα, IFNγ. With 3–4 stages – an increase in the absolute number of T-NK-lymphocytes, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ in serum. Thus, in women with endometriosis in the presence of HPV, the features of systemic immunity have been identified, which may be associated with disease progression.

The effect of human pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSG) on the production of chemokines by intact mononuclear cells and monocultures of CD4+ cells in vitro by Bio-Plex® multiplex immunoassay technology was studied. It has been established that PSG suppresses the production of IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES and MCP-1, chemokines, an elevated level of which is associated with spontaneous abortion. As a result, it can be concluded that PSG forms the fetoprotective chemokine profile of the studied immune cells.

30 patients after CABG were examined. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of MoCa test results. Outcome monitoring of MMP-2, IL-17, TGFβ2 level in the blood serum was carried out 4 times by means of microparticle enzyme immunoassay before the surgery, after the surgery, as well as on the 1st and 7th day following the surgery. In patients with PCD the higher level of IL-17 was distinguished. Alongside with the low levels of GFβ2 and MMP-2 after the surgery, which is determined by a more vivid proinflammatory response and the insuffi ciency of the proinflammatory reaction.

Levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ were evaluated in samples of tumor and peritumoral tissue of 36 patients with esophageal cancer and 56 patients with skin melanoma in comparison with their clinical course. By means of ROC-analysis we showed that cytokines` levels in tissues are of some use for prognosis of the risk of the tumors` early progression. High levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in tumor, IL-1β and IL-2 in peritumoral tissue characterize the melanoma`s microenvironment as the most dangerous in course of negative prognosis. As for the esophageal cancer it is related to high amounts of IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 in tumor, IL-8 and TNF-α in peritumoral tissue, TNF-α and IL-10 in the resection line.

A content and profiles of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were studied into the feces of the patients with bronchial asthma and healthy persons too. A decrease of the absolute content and profiles changing of the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected after the lactic acid fl ora metabolic activity decreasing of (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). An increasing of these parameters (isoCn and isoCn / Сn) indicates on a destruction of the epithelial layer of the intestinal wall. The anaerobic index values have refl ected the redox potential of the intraluminal environment. As it was detected the anaerobic index changing could lead to the growth of the facultative aerobic and residual (conditionally pathogenic) aerobic microfl ora. The revealed SCFA’s changes give evidence about the pronounced disorders in the intestinal biotope’s microbiocenosis and this fact could be considered as one of the reasons of the bronchial asthma development.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute zoonotic viral infection, clinically manifested by a hemorrhagic syndrome and acute renal failure. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of lymphocytes of innate and adaptive immune response in patients with HFRS during feverish, oliguric, polyuric periods and in reconvalescence. There were some features of the immunopathogenesis of HFRS: a high content in blood of regulatory T-lymphocytes, the prevalence in the initial stages of the disease reaction of natural killer cells, the delay of the development of adaptive cellular immune response involving cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

An efficacy of a gut microbiota control was investigated for the patients with atopic asthma. 45 patients with atopic asthma were included in the study. The results of our clinical and lab tests, PFTs, the lactulose hydrogen breath tests have been presented to evaluate SIBO. Under the standard SIBO’s therapy, the firrst group had being tested with Rifaximinum for the SIBO therapy during 7 days or Rifaximinum and with a succeeding probiotics therapy during 1 month. SIBO was diagnosed for 30 (67%) patients. We have detected the higher IgE level (p<0,01), the higher eosinophils level (р<0,001) in sputum and more significant decrease for FEV1 (р<0,01) in SIBO. The disorders correction of the intestinal microflora is accompanied the statistically significant decreasing of the immunological activity (p<0.01) and improvement of the external respiration function (p<0.001). So, SIBO is a significant factor aggravating the atopic asthma in patients.

To assess the risk of developing infectious complications and sepsis in critically ill patients, a number of laboratory markers are used, the main of which is procalcitonin, the less well known is the expression of CD64 on neutrophils. There is a close correlation between these indicators, however, in some cases, the results of tests for procalcitonin and CD64 contradict each other. The paper assesses the interrelation of procalcitonin and CD64 with bacteremia and severity of organ dysfunction. It was determined that the level of expression of CD64 is closely related to the presence of bacteria in the blood, whereas procalcitonin is not specifi c for bacteremia. A direct correlation was found between the severity of organ dysfunction and both indicators. This interrelation is more signifi cant for procalcitonin. The use of tests for procalcitonin and CD64 in the complex will improve the quality of examination of seriously ill patients.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, isolated from explants of atherosclerotic plaques obtained during endarterectomy in patients with atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic and femoral arteries and peripheral blood neutrophils of the same patients. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils in atherosclerotic plaques was found to be statistically significantly reduced. We assume that the depletion of the functional ability of neutrophils in the composition of atherosclerotic plaques is associated with chronic inflammation in the intima of vessels in atherosclerosis.

The one of the most signifi cant factor of immunosuppression is chronic herpetic infection. The absence of vaccine and unclear knowledge about reactivation`s pathogenesis also emphasize the importance of additional immune response study. We research the level of T-cell subpopulations during chronic herpetic infection. Treg percentage in main group was exceed one`s level in healthy control group. Also the signifi cant increasing of Th1\Th2 index was examined.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a severe lung disease caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus spp. The search for new diagnostic markers is essential for early detection of the disease in patients at risk and identifying eff ective treatment strategies. 21 patients with ABPA, 37 patients with asthma and 16 healthy subjects were examined. The content of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), thymus-associated regulatory chemokine (TARC), IL-8, eosinophil count, total IgE levels and specifi c IgE to Aspergillus fumigatus were determined in serum by ELISA. The positive correlation of the TARC level with the indicators of total IgE, sIgE to Aspergillus fumigatus, the number of eosinophils and the negative correlation relationship with the FEV1 value confi rms the important diagnostic value of this pro-infl ammatory chemokine in patients with ABPA.

The paper presents the results of a survey of patients aged 15–17 years with menstrual irregularities (NMCs) living in the Orenburg regions with diff erent anthropogenic load. The greatest number of changes was found among the indicators of the relative content of CD3+, CD4+ and CD19+ lymphocytes, phagocytic index, IgM, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone levels, LH, 17-OH-progesterone and cortisol. The results indicate the signifi cance of the negative impact of anthropogenous loading on the gynecological morbidity of girls.

42 patients of reproductive age with a verifi ed diagnosis of chronic endometritis in the stage of incomplete remission were divided into 3 groups: the control group, receiving complex standard treatment and the main ones, where pharmacotherapy was supplemented with the administration of Gepon and Cytofl avin or a course of magneto-infrared laser therapy. Initially, an increase in the level of pro-infl ammatory and regulatory cytokines, activation of the complement system, an imbalance in the content of anti-infl ammatory cytokines, regulators of the complement system, a decrease in the sIgA level was established at the local level. The lack of eff ectiveness of the use of complex standard treatment in the correction of immune disorders was determined. The use of Gepon and Cytofl avin or magneto-infrared laser therapy eff ectively corrects disturbed parameters of the immune status.

In HIV-infected patients with a discordant response to antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ T-cell proliferative capacity, ability to synthesize IL-2, and resistance to apoptosis were accessed. It was shown that in those subjects, CD4+ T-cells are characterized by a decreased mitotic activity and IL-2 production; and an increased rate of programmed death. Disorders found could be the basis for the ineff ective CD4+ Tcell counts restoration in patients with a discordant response to the treatment.

Leukinferon and Roncoleukin aff ects cytokine status in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the experiment.

This article represents the results of the lymphocyte’s subpopulation analysis of women with idiopathic reccurent pregnancy loss (RPL) after lymphocyte immune therapy (LIT). It reveals the dependence of successful childbearing in women with RPL on the cellular immune system, validates the term of alloimmune genesis of recurrent miscarriage is eligible. It identifi es the indicators for personalized prescriptions for LIT and indicators of favorable prognosis of successful pregnancy in woman with RPL after LIT.

The level of cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-10) in serum and amniotic fluid medium be representative of the state of interleukin balance in gestational tissues, and its definition has a high informative value for judging the course of pregnancy and fetal development fetus.

Relative and absolute lymphocyte amounts in the clinical (or common) blood analysis, serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17А were investigated in pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, and with preeclampsia on the background of chronic arterial hypertension as well as uncomplicated pregnancy (control). In all groups of women with hypertensive disorders there was a decrease in the level of lymphocytes and IL-2 and IL-15 in the blood. In contrast to the control, preeclampsia increased the contents of IL-5 and IL-6. Besides, severe preeclampsia increased the level of IL-4, IL-9, IL-17A, with chronic arterial hypertension IL-12p70. Thus, in hypertensive disorders in pregnant women, the production of cytokines regulating the proliferation of lymphocytes decreases. However, in preeclampsia, the contents of cytokines, which determine the maturation and diff erentiation of eff ector cells, increases.

The effect of blockade of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors on the surface expression of integrin VLA-4 in intact and antigen-activated CD69⁺CD25^–, CD69^–CD25⁺ and CD69⁺CD25⁺ subpopulations of T-lymphocytes obtained from healthy individuals and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied. The assessment of the level of surface expression of integrin was performed using flow cytometry using immunofluorescent staining. According to obtained data, blockade of NMDA receptors is not accompanied by a change in the surface expression of VLA-4 in all experimental groups. At the same time, differences in the consequences of the blockade of AMPA receptors in patients with MS compared with the group of healthy individuals were revealed: against the background of NBQX in healthy individuals, an increase in surface expression of VLA-4 was observed on cells with the CD69^–CD25⁺ phenotype, while in patients with MS a decrease in the studied parameter was found in CD69⁺CD25^– cells. Thus, glutamate receptors are involved in the regulation of the expression of VLA-4 localized on T-lymphocytes, which reveals the possible mechanisms by which the immunomodulating functions of glutamate are realized in MS. 

The study of the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and neopterin in pregnant women with preterm labor against the background of placental insufficiency (PN). Preterm labor has been found to be associated with an increase in serum and amniotic fluid in IL-6, IL-8 and neopterin levels. Identified biological markers can be used to predict preterm labor in patients with placental insuffi ciency for the purpose of early administration of adequate therapy.

In experimental acute ischemia of the liver, suppression of the formation of the cellular and humoral forms of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes, a decrease in the functional and metabolic activity of circulating blood neutrophils has been established. It was established that proteins of the culture fluid of allogeneic hepatocytes of newborn rats with MM less than 130 kD have a pronounced immunocorrective efficiency, and proteins more than 130 kD do not possess such activity.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic sites rs2275913 of gene IL17A and rs763780 of gene IL17F in women with miscarriage. Statistically signifi cant differences in the distribution of alleles and genotypes of oligonucleotide polymorphisms rs2275913 of gene IL17A and of gene IL17F in women with miscarriage in comparison with a group of conditionally healthy women with two or more successful pregnancies paired with the same partner have not been identified.

Of the 104 hospitalized babies with acute bronchitis, an x-ray examination showed thymomegaly in 45 (46.8%). Against the background of depression of cellular immunity and hypocorticism, three immunological phenotypes of thymomegaly were revealed. Immunocorrection with taktivin and thymalin was carried out differentially, taking into account the clinical and immunological features of each phenotype.

Infections colonization colonization of the bronchopulmonary biotope is considered as one of the likely factors for maintaining the inflammatory process with a predominance of the Th2 immune response in patients with chronic diseases of the lung airway. The aim of the study was to assess the IgE immune response to the main microorganisms lung airway. Patients and methods: In the blood serum of 69 patients with BA, COPD and АСОS, the content of total IgE and sIgE for bacterial allergens, sIgA level in saliva was determined by ELISA. Results. In patients with АСОS, a wider spectrum of sIgE to bacterial allergens is presented, against the background of reduced levels of sIgA in saliva, in comparison with patients with asthma and COPD. This may indicate the involvement of innate immunity due to the IgE system in relation to anti-infective protection in patients with АСОS.

The reason of study was assessing the prognostic ability of immunobiochemical parameters in patients with myocardial infarction after coronary arteries stenting. Blood sampling was performed before the operation, on the second and seventh days to determine IL-17, IFNγ and MMP-9. The predictive ability of IL-17 before intervention (10.21‒19.47 pg/ml), IFNγ (10.54‒51.27 pg/ml) and MMP-9 (426.80‒978.38 ng/ml) on the second day after surgery. These indicators increase the risk of complications in the early postoperative period.

A step-by-step statistical model for calculating the risks of frequent annual cases of acute respiratory viral infection in adults in the conditions of changing the magnitude of the harmful eff ects is proposed. The algorithm was tested on the data of two groups of workers of the chemical enterprise, which diff ered in size of the corresponding immune markers. It is shown that with the same reduction in the level of harmful eff ects, the rate of risk reduction in the groups diff ered by 2.5 times. Thus, the model can be used to select a priority group of employees in the conditions of a given impact on the production factor in order to minimize the value of the specifi ed risk for them.

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease in pathogenesis of which are involved autoinfl ammatory reaction too. An important role in the development of psoriatic infl ammation is given to the activation of infl ammasome. In this study, we investigate the expression of TLR9 genes, components of the infl ammasome complex (NLRP1, NLRP3), and eff ector molecules IL-1β and IL-18 in healthy and aff ected skin bioptates in 35 patients with severe psoriasis was studied using PCR-RT. In the psoriatic focus was found increasing the level expression of TLR9 genes 4.1 fold, NLRP1–6 fold. Analysis of interleukin gene expression revealed a 10-fold increase in IL-18 gene expression in the psoriatic focus, while IL-1β gene expression was comparable to its expression in healthy skin bioptates.

It was established that the administration of the immunomodulator KK1 to pregnant rats subjected to passive smoking resulted in a positive dynamic of somatic development and morphological changes in the lymphoid organs.

The study of polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases M1, T1, P1 in children with allergic diseases showed a predominance of mutant enzyme genotypes in severe atopic dermatitis and asthma. Genotypes GSTM1«-», GSTT1«-» are signifi cant for the early formation of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Predisposition to combined atopy was registered for haplotypes M1«+»/T1«-»/P1ile105/Ile105 (OR=4.92; 95% CI 0.67–36.53) (р<0,05).

The study has demonstrated a signifi cant increase in percentage of circulating CD4⁺CD25hi regulatory T cells and a decrease in Th1 (CD4+IFNγ+ N cells), as well as elevated leukocyte count, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio and CRP level during the first 24–48 hours after onset of ischemic stroke (IS). O note, patients with poststroke infection had less pronounced increase in CD4⁺CD25hi T-cells and the decrease in CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ T lymphocytes, while inflammatory response was significantly higher than in the opposite group. The largest difference between groups was observed when assessing the ratio of CD4+IFNγ+ and CD4⁺CD25hi T cells. The ratio of CD4⁺IFNγ⁺/ CD4⁺CD25hi in patients with infections was 3 times higher than in the group without infectious complications, correlated with the concentration of CRP (R = 0.54; p = 0.02) and the value of ratio > 1.14 allowed to predict infection with a specificity of 85.7% and a sensitivity of 68.8%. 

Aim. To study prognostic value of some laboratory markers (anti-DNA antibodies, cell adhesive molecules, neopterin) in patients with exudative inflammation after inraocular lens surgery.

Materials and methods: 21 in-patients with postoperative iridicyclitis and endophthalmitis were included. The assays were taken twice: after admission and before discharging. The follow-up period was 6 months.

Results. Preliminary data show that high serum levels of sVCAM, sICAM and anti-DNA antibodies, as well as very low levels of anti-DNA antibodies seems to be associated with poor outcomes in those patients (enucleation, blindness, lens extraction).

Conclusion. Small cohort doesn’t allow make strict conclusion about prognostic value of these laboratory markers. The study should be continued. 

A study was conducted to study the effectiveness of the use of the herbal preparation Bioflazid in 28 women with a simple form of uterine fibroids. The levels of pro- (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in serum were studied. Positive dynamics of both clinical parameters and levels of studied cytokines was revealed.

In work character immune disturbances at system and local levels at sick of women with gonococcal infection.

The analysis of interferon (IFN) I (α, β), II (γ) and III (λ) types by RT-PCR-RV, ELISA, the determination of the biological activity of IFN in the dynamics of the treatment of chronic immuno-mediated diseases with immunomodulating drugs. Different degrees of severity, reduced biological activity of IFN type I and II in chronic urogenital infections and bronchial asthma (BA) was corrected by using IFN inducers in basic therapy. In patients with asthma, an imbalance of RNA of IFN types I and III was detected. The inclusion of cycloferon reduced by 2.5 times the frequency of BA exacerbations during the year. As a result of treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with recombinant IFNβ-1a for more than 12 months.there was a decrease in increased expression of IFN I genes and IFN II type proteins, stabilization of the neurological state. Thus, in chronic infections and BA, the deficiency and imbalance of IFN is compensated by the introduction of IFN inducers. In contrast, a decrease in elevated levels of IFN RNA in MS is achieved with prolonged administration of the recombinant drug IFNβ-1a, acting, possibly, on the basis of reverse regulation.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of focal infection foci (FI) on the cytokine profile of patients with psoriasis, lichen planus (LP) and atopic dermatitis (AD). The patients were divided into two groups: those with FI (psoriasis – 19 people, AD – 13 people, LP – 14 people) and those without FI (psoriasis – 17 people, AD – 11 people, LP – 13 people). The control group was also examined – 15 healthy individuals. Immunoenzyme method was used to determine the following cytokines in the blood serum of patients: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL8, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-α, INF-γ. It was shown that on the background of the presence of FI, the content of IL-8 in blood serum significantly increased (in 89,5% of cases in patients with psoriasis, in 76,6% in LP patients and in 100% in patients with AD).

It is known that the use of delivery systems can reduce the toxicity of platinum compounds without losing a high therapeutic effect. In this work, the immunotoxic effect of carboplatin when co-added with cucurbit[7]uril was investigated, including the effect on the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes and their proliferative activity in vitro.

The question of the importance of inflammatory and immune mechanisms of brain damage in cerebrovascular disease remains relevant.

The aim of our study was to assess the level of inflammation and the anti-bacterial potential of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Surveyed 17 people with IS aged 68.5 (67; 79) years and 15 volunteers aged 65.0 (62.0; 66.5) years. The neurological status of the patients was assessed using the NIHSS and Rankin scales, Rivermid Mobility Index. Blood IL-6, CRP, cortisol, fibrinogen, soluble defensins (s Def) levels at 1, 3 and 10 days after IS was determined. α-Defensins in NG (def⁺ NG) were evaluated usingm Abs HNР 1–3 (NCL-Defensin). To assess the phagocytic activity of NG, the phagocytic index (PI) and phagocytic number (PN) were determined. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using STATISTIKA 6.0.

Main results. Signs of systemic inflammation were observed in patients with IS blood levels of NG, IL-6, CRPand cortisol. The relationship of the somatic status of patients, the size of the lesion of the brain tissue, the severity of IS, the degree of disability, the outcome of IS with the content of NG and def⁺ NG was revealed. Phagocytosis inhibition in the dead was associated with a degree of disability. A positive association between def⁺ NG and NG (r = 0.659, p <0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.659, p ><0.001), cortisol (r = 0.573, p ><0.001), fi brinogen (r = 0.369, p >< 0.05). The data obtained indicate the development of systemic inflammation and an imbalance of the functional activity of NG in patients with IS, which are associated with the severity of cerebral stroke and create the risk of developing infectious complications. 

A high level of prevalence and severity of anticytokine activity in E. coli isolated from the urine of ICD patients with postoperative inflammatory complications was established, an algorithm was developed for predicting the risk of their development using the data obtained.

The content of innate immunity cells expressing CD45, CD14, CD16, CD11b and F4 / 80 receptors brain in experimental modeling of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was studed. It was established that the number of CD16/11b positive macrophages of the M1 subpopulation increased in microgy on the 2nd day after TBI and signifi cantly enlarged up to 8 days. In the corpus callosum and the ipsilateral area of the striatum, CD16/11b expressed cells also peaked 8 days after TBI and correlated with an increase in the positive response to the presence of the endothelial antigen SMI71. Signifi cant structural transformations of the nervous tissue and the output of peripheral immune cells, coupled with impaired permeability by the blood-brain barrier, were shown. The disturbance of regulatory changes neuroimmune connections in TBI was proved.

Here, the autoproteolytic activity of human recombinant anti-Mullerian hormone (rAMH), a potential antineoplastic drug, was investigated. It was shown that the hormone is not only able to activate itself by the limited proteolysis, but also specifically interacts with the proteolytic inhibitor aprotinin. The involvement of the rAMH specific proteolysis site in interaction with a specifi c receptor type II (MISRII) was found. The data obtained may be useful to clarify some aspects of the native AMH biochemistry and pharmacodynamics of the recombinant hormone.

Inpatient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Discoid Lupus Erythematosus oppression lisosomal activity of neutrophils and monocytes against a backdrop of increasing oxidative stress of cells.

We analyzed in vitro secretion of TNFα by peripheral blood eosinophil granulocytes in patients with colon cancer according to the presence of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia. In colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia, an increase in basal and r-IL-5-induced in vitro secretion of TNFα by blood eosinophils was detected. It was shown that in patients with colon cancer, regardless of the presence of tissue eosinophilia, the levels of basal and r-IL-5-induced secretion of TNFα by eosinophil granulocytes in vitro were comparable.

In article were studied phenotypic features of 2 neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) subsets expressing CD64, CD32, CD16, CD11b in children with systemic purulent-inflammatory diseases. We evaluated sodium salt of eukaryotic DNA effect on transformed phenotype of these NG subsets in vitro. Immunomodulatory effects of DNA have been established, which are manifested in a significant decrease in the number of NGs of the pro-inflammatory subset CD64⁺CD32⁺CD16⁺CD11b⁺NG, the decrease in the number of NG subset of CD64⁺CD32^–CD16⁺CD11b⁺ NG defective in CD32 and the increase the antiinflammatory subset CD64⁺CD32⁺CD16⁺CD11b⁺NG. 

19 patients were diagnosed with stage III–IV COPD, the smoking experience was 39.1±1.94 years. In this group of patients, a study of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was carried out by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disequilibrium of cytokins was found, which was appeared by statistically significant raising of proinfl ammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and statistically significant lowering for anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, so that proves presence of chronic persistent inflammations in the bronchial tree.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a special functional group of cells in a heterogeneous tumor population, causing both the maintenance and growth of a tumor, metastasis processes, and resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs. The questions of a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the structural and functional organization of CSC niches, the role of its individual components in maintaining these cells and prognosis of their future behavior remain topical. This paper is devoted to the consideration of the biological properties of cancer stem cells, their interaction with some components of their microenvironment and the role of this interaction in maintaining the properties of CSC.

The purpose of this study was to identify the leading mechanisms of immunopathogenesis of inflammation diseases of different genesis. Using the indirect immune fluorescence method, the number of lymphocytes carrying surface receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD20, CD72, mIgM, mIgG, CD23, CD25, CD71, HLA-DR, CD54, CD95, CD30, CD38, CD178. Lymphocytes of patients with aseptic inflammation showed an increase in the number of CD25, CD71, and HLA-DR lymphocytes – markers of activation. But the complete absence of lymphocyte activation was found in severe cases of infectious inflammatory process in patients with osteomyelitis. In autoimmune inflammation, the lymphocytes activation process has a high intensity and is accompanied by a weakening of the expression of the activation receptor apoptosis CD95. Atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis and atopic bronchial asthma) are characterized by an intense lymphocytes activation process, which is accompanies with a significant decrease in the number of CD95⁺ lymphocytes, but different by another lymphocytes subpopulations. 

Antimicrobial peptides are the most promising drugs in the replacement of antibiotic therapy. The results of the analysis of the physicochemical properties of Atsegram spray, in particular, surface tension (σ, Erg / cm2) and conductivity (æ, μS / cm) show the relationship with the mechanism of the antibacterial action of the drug and its eff ectiveness in the treatment of periodontitis. Spray application revealed an improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity by a factor of 1.4, a decrease in the PMA index by 1.8 times, a decrease in the bleeding index of the gingival margin by a factor of 2 a month after treatment compared with the same indicators of the comparison group undergoing standard treatment.

Numerous studies have studied the Association between pharmacogenetic eff ects and response to inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma. In fact, several single nucleotide polymorphisms of a number of candidate genes have been identifi ed that may aff ect the clinical response to ICS in children with atopic asthma (BA). The results obtained to date indicate various potential genetic factors associated with the reaction to IGCs, which can be used to predict the individual therapeutic response of children with atopic asthma to ICS.

According to world statistics, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (68–100 cases per 1000 births) continues to increase in the children’s population, with boys predominating over girls (6–8: 1) [4]. Despite numerous studies on this problem, the pathogenesis of autism remains controversial. The purpose of this work is to study the clinical and immunological interactions of IgG mediated food hypersensitivity, cytokine balance and psychological parameters in children with autism spectrum disorders living in Tomsk. As a result, it was noted that children with autism are statistically significantly more often hypersensitive to cereals and dairy. Revealed changes in the concentration of a number of interleukins in the serum. A direct correlation was found between the concentration of IgG to antigens of the fungi of the genus Candida, food AG of dairy and grain and the concentration of IFNγ in serum.

It has been established that in cases of skin wounds the timogen analogue, modified by D-alanin ‒ H2N-L-Glu-L-Trp-D-Ala-COOH, does not affect the values of the absorptive phase of blood neutrophil phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase activity and the number of lymphocytes in skin, comparing with timogen and similar with it. Peptides were injected ten days intraperitoneally in the same molar dosages 1 μg/kg for timogen and 1.2 μg/kg for it’s analogue. This peptide has more pronounced action, comparing with timogen, on stimulation of oxygen dependent neutrophil activity (NST-test) and on increase in the number of fi broblasts in skin.

Asthma is a chronic relapsing disease. Psychological factors have a signifi cant influence on the development and course of asthma, which is why the disease is considered to be a psychosomatic disease. An important role in the pathogenesis of this disease is given alexithymia, and therefore the purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of psychological correction of alexithymia in the complex therapy of asthma. There was a reduction in the level of alexithymia to the standard ratios and improve lung function in patients undergoing drug therapy with kinesiology psychocorrection. The most pronounced eff ect on these indicators registered in patients with a dominant left hemisphere of the brain. The next three months in these patients achieved complete asthma control. Our results demonstrate the positive therapeutic effect of kinesiology psychocorrection in patients with asthma that determines the feasibility of its inclusion in the complex therapy of said disease.

The efficacy and safety of the use of biotechnological (biotherapeutic, genetic engineering) preparations are due to their targeted mechanism of action and low of toxicity, in contrast to traditional chemicals drugs. These features of biotherapeutic preparations also aff ect their safety profile. When treating with biotherapeutic preparations, the most major adverse reaction and the first developmental time is the so-called infusion reaction. The basis of the development of the reaction to the infusion of a biotherapeutic preparation may be one of the following reactions: cytokine release syndrome (CRS), type I hypersensitivity reaction (IgE-dependent allergic reaction) or IgG-mediated reaction. These reactions have a similar clinical picture, so it is difficult to clearly determine which mechanisms led to the development of the reaction to the infusion. The mechanisms of development of the reaction to the infusion are still poorly studied.

The aim of this work was to determine the features of diff erentiation of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in women with threated preterm labor. Under observation were 100 pregnant women of 24–34 weeks of pregnant: the main group consisted of 44 women with threated preterm labor, control group – of 56 women with uncomplicated course of gestation. The relative content of CD8 cells, CD8 naïve cells (Tn), CD8 memory cells: Central (Tcm), preterminal-differentiated (Tem) and terminal differentiated (Temra) was studied in perephiral bloded. The content of CD8 cells producing Perforin was assessed in the total population of lymphocytes (CD8 Perf), as well as in populations of CD8 Tcm, Tem, Temra cells. The results of the study showed that women with threated preterm labor was characterized by a significant increase in the relative content of CD8 and CD8 Perf⁺ lymphocytes. The content of naive cells was significantly increased in the population of CD8 CTLs in women with exercise. In addition, there was a significant increase compared to that in control group the content of Perforin-producing cells in the fractions of Tcm, Tem and Temra cell memory. 

The phenotypic and expression characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes were evaluated in relationship to the antitumor and tumor-stimulating state of the immune system. It has been shown that the favorable state of the immune system associated with prolonged clinical remission is characterized by a higher level of functional activation of peripheral blood monocytes, which is manifested in a more pronounced expression of the TNFα and YLK-39 genes and a higher proportion of TLR2⁺ monocytes compared with the corresponding indicators in patients with unfavorable status. 

It was established that recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha in a delivery system has pronounced antitumor and immunomodulating effects in murine B16-F10 melanoma model. The preparation significantly inhibited the growth of experimental tumor (TGI 60%), increased tumor infiltration by immune system cells (CD3+, CD11b+) and increased the activity of immunocompetent cells mediating antitumor response.

Surveyed 28 patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or papillomavirus infection (PVI). The patients were divided into the main group (FG) and the control group (GC) (n = 10). The main group was divided into 2 groups: Group I (n = 8) ‒ STIs with MWI, Group II (n = 10) ‒ STIs without MWI. A simultaneous increase in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the serum of women with miscarriage was established, which indicates the role of the processes of damage to the extracellular matrix in its pathogenesis. Diff erences in the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 depending on the presence of HPV were revealed. Women with STIs without HPV are dominated by products of TIMP that can have a profibrinogenic eff ect.

We have studied the content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) and level of IFNγ ‒ production in blood serum of 110 children with bronchial asthma aged 3‒11 years old. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age. The said cytokines were analyzed in blood serum using sandwich ELISA technique and chemical reagents by R&D Diagnostics Inc (USA). Both during remission and exacerbation, levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 in children with BA was found to be signifi cantly higher, and the level of IFNγ – considerably lower. The identifi ed tendency is also typical for children with combined bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.

The level of the proliferative response of female cells to partner antigens in women with a high degree of HLA sharing in couples is significantly lower than in women with no HLA similarity. The alloimmunization of the partner’s lymphocytes is accompanied by an increase in the proliferative response in all groups of women regardless of HLA sharing. However, woman with a high sharing of HLA antigens have a lower level of cell proliferation than woman with no sharing of HLA antigens.

The paper presents the results of a study of the levels of important regulatory mediators of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity: IL-6 and IFN-γ in the blood plasma of children with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders with diff erent phenotypes of social behavior. Children with schizophrenia have been found to have signifi cantly high levels of the cytokines, both in comparison with typically developing children and with children with autism. The heterogeneous group of children with autism, a feature of which is the partial loss of previously acquired social skills – «Regression», is characterized by intermediate IL-6 and IFN-γ values and, as we assume, can include children with schizophrenia.

The complex method of contrasting hardening for children of preschool age is described by clinical, immunological and psychoemotional parameters with an indication of the sequence of stages of contrast procedures.

Objective: to study the eff ectiveness of the basic treatment of acute pyelonephritis in terms of immune status.

Materials and methods. The immune status of 62 patients with various forms of acute pyelonephritis.

Results. and its discussion. When serous and purulent forms of acute pyelonephritis are observed: increased levels of cytokines with a decrease in anti-infl ammatory with purulent pyelonephritis and their imbalance ‒ with serous form, an imbalance in the complement system, increased production of immunoglobulins with a simultaneous decrease in CIC, reduced activity and intensity of phagocytosis in the background of increased metabolic activity.

Conclusion. With serous and purulent forms of pyelonephritis, there are diff erences in the direction and severity of changes in immune parameters that do not normalize after treatment, which requires the development of additional methods of immunocorrection and immunorehabilitation. 

Associations of HLA-DRB1* alleles were determined with sporadic septal congenital heart defects in children. 97 children (44 boys and 53 girls) with an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) without chromosomal diseases and anomalies were examined. Surveyed 132 healthy children (control group). The frequency of occurrence of 14 alleles of the HLA-DRB1 gene (01, 04, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18). Mathematical processing was performed using the STATISTICA 8.0 application package (StatSoftInc., USA). It was revealed that in children with sporadic CHD without chromosomal diseases, HLA-DRB1*15 (p = 0.03) was signifi cantly more frequent in the genotype compared with the control group. The formation of sporadic septal congenital heart defects without chromosomal diseases is positively associated with HLA-DRB1*15.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an indicator of liver infl ammatory processes in opisthorchiasis. Administration of curcumin and new complex of praziquantel with disodium glycyrrhizin ate reduced the parasitic load in O. felineus-infected animals. Moreover, the complex prevented the development of pathomorphological changes and reduced the IL-1β expression in the liver.

The immune status of 58 patients with gliomaswas evaluated. Prior to surgical treatment in patients with low-grade gliomas was observed higher (p<0.05) the absolute number of total T-lymphocytes, Thelper cells and NK-cells compared to patients with high grade glioma. Postoperatively group grade II was observed explicit reduction in the number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3–CD56+ and increase in the population CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Reducing of the number of CD3–CD56+ lymphocytes in patients with diff use astrocytomas and anaplastic gliomas after surgical treatment, maybe, related to the migration of these cells into the area of surgical intervention. At the same time in patients with grade III, IV gliomas was revealed an increase of the absolute number of killer T-cells. In the group of grade IV also was recorded increase in the percentage of T-reg, having a suppressor function, which may indicate a breach of anti-tumor immune response and cause suppression of the cytotoxic response in patients with highgrade gliomas. Key words: glioma, low grade, high grade, immunophenotyping, immune status, T-lymphocytes, NK-cells>˂0.05) the absolute number of total T-lymphocytes, Thelper cells and NK-cells compared to patients with high grade glioma. Postoperatively group grade II was observed explicit reduction in the number of CD3⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3^–CD56⁺ and increase in the population CD3⁺CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Reducing of the number of CD3^–CD56⁺ lymphocytes in patients with diffuse astrocytomas and anaplastic gliomas after surgical treatment, maybe, related to the migration of these cells into the area of surgical intervention. At the same time in patients with grade III, IV gliomas was revealed an increase of the absolute number of killer T-cells. In the group of grade IV also was recorded increase in the percentage of T-reg, having a suppressor function, which may indicate a breach of anti-tumor immune response and cause suppression of the cytotoxic response in patients with highgrade gliomas. 

The data on the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its tissue inhibitors of the 1st and 2nd types in the serum of venous blood in men with chronic chlamydial urethritis before and after treatment are presented. An increase in the level of MMP-9 against the background of normal values of TIMP-1 and low levels of TIMP-2 indicates the destructive potential of the infectious process. An increase in the effectiveness of combination therapy using recombinant interferon-gamma has been observed.

The functional activity of the endothelium and the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in women with severe pre-eclampsia (PE) were evaluated depending on the onset of the disease. It was established that the implementation of severe pre-eclampsia regardless of the timing of the manifestation (before or after 34 weeks of gestation) is accompanied by an increase in the level of endothelin-1, TNFα and C-reactive protein. In women with early PE, against the background of the revealed changes, an increase in the level of stable NO2 and IL-10 metabolites is noted, and from late PE, there is a homocysteine content, which makes it possible to use these indicators to assess the severity of preeclampsia with different periods

A study was conducted to study the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1 and IL-4) in 46 children with cleft lip and palate, who were in the children’s republican hospital in Bukhara. All sick children underwent a comprehensive examination by specialists (surgeon, pediatrician, orthopedist, otolaryngologist, neuropsychiatrist) to identify abnormalities of a somatic nature and associated developmental defects. Studies on the level of cytokines showed that the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines ‒ IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in children was significantly increased, while the level of IL-2 was slightly lower than the control values. Noted changes in the state of cytokine status can be qualified as a secondary immunodeficiency state, requiring immunomodulatory measures.

The aim of this study was to assess the infl uence of homeostatic factors IL-7 and IL-15, that induced homeostatic proliferation (HP), on the phenotypic characteristics of T-regulatory cells (Treg) from healthy donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Analysis of Treg phenotype was performed by fl ow cytometry, using Foxp3, CD127, CD4 and CD25. Isolated from the blood cells were cultured with and without stimulation during 7 days. IL-7, IL-15 and anti-CD3 antibodies supplemented IL-2 were chosen as activators. Purifi ed Treg cells were labeled with CFSE dye to assess proliferation. We estimated that HP factors eff ectively maintain the number and phenotype (CD25⁺FoxP3⁺) of Treg in vitro. Also, in patients group we showed an increasing of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells under all stimulation condition that may indicate the induction of Treg from conventional T cells. Herewith under IL-7 and IL-15 Treg cells from RA patients had a low proliferative activity than Treg from donors. The reduced proliferative activity of Treg in the group of RA-patients under IL-7 and IL-15 perhaps make a signifi - cant contribution to the development of the disease due to the delay of Treg pool reconstitution in the lymphopenia conditions on the initial stage. Furthermore, increased induction of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ cells in PBMC cultures in patients group associated with pathogenesis of RA, since induced Treg have transient and unstable expression of FoxP3. 

The modern treatment of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) is based on the use of drugs reducing inflammation and inhibiting the immune responses. This strategy leads to the short-term reduction of disease activity but does not change long-term outcomes. Thus, analyses of several large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed that active use of synthetic and biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in the last 20 years did not reduce RA-related disability and all-cause mortality. The discovery of human microbiome allows to reevaluate the nature of autoimmune diseases and suggests that dysbiosis and chronic infection with previously poorly-known/unknown microorganisms are major factor for AIDs development and persistence. In conclusion, in order to develop eff ective treatment of AIDs we need to rethink our general views on the AIDs pathogenesis in the light of new data of human microbiome.

We observed 46 patients with sepsis, which were divided into 2 groups. I group (25 patients) received traditional treatment, II group (21 patients) in addition to conventional therapy received enriched IVIG (IgM+IgA). Comparative assessment of the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin’s and traditional therapy indicated the clinical effectiveness of IVIG therapy, which results in reducing the severity of systemic inflammation, the severity of the disease and the mortality in patients with surgical sepsis.

Alcohol and tissue hypoxia in the early stages of embryonic development has a modifying effect on the formation of the neuroimmune and neurotransmitter systems of the developing brain: microglia, the GABA receptor system, their functional and mediator activity.